Integrating Divine Attachment Theory and the Enneagram to Help Clients of Abuse Heal in Their Images of Self,Others, and God

For victims of childhood abuse, healing their unconscious images of themselves, others, and God is of utmost importance in therapeutic work. Addressing the healing from both a scientific and a spiritual-contemplative approach is ideal in the context of spiritually integrated psychotherapy. Combining the frameworks of divine attachment theory and the Enneagram can help abused clients on their journey towards holistic healing in a way that addresses both the scientific and soulful dimensions of their deep unconscious wounds. This integration has the potential to heal multiple aspects of wounding, including unconscious images of clients, their offenders, and God. It also has the potential to dignify clients by showing how their unique God-given personality has a finite correspondence to God’s very own infinite personality and by outlining potential points of existential connection between aspects of their personality traits and the personality traits of the eternal God. Finally, clients can also grow in empathy and compassion for their abusers, which will help in the process of forgiveness.     

Aggression is associated with greater subsequent alcohol consumption: A shared neural basis in the ventral striatum

Alcohol use and abuse (e.g., binge drinking) are among the most reliable causes of aggressive behavior. Conversely, people with aggressive dispositions (e.g., intermittent explosive disorder) are at greater risk for subsequent substance abuse. Yet it remains unknown why aggression might promote subsequent alcohol use. Both aggressive acts and alcohol use are rewarding and linked to greater activity in neural reward circuitry. Through this shared instantiation of reward, aggression may then increase subsequent alcohol consumption. Supporting this mechanistic hypothesis, participants’ aggressive behavior directed at someone who had recently rejected them, was associated with more subsequent beer consumption on an ad‐lib drinking task. Using functional MRI, both aggressive behavior and beer consumption were associated with greater activity in the bilateral ventral striatum during acts of retaliatory aggression. These results imply that aggression is linked to subsequent alcohol abuse, and that a mechanism underlying this effect is likely to be the activation of the brain's reward circuitry during aggressive acts.

     

Oblique factor analytic solutions by orthogonal transformations

A general framework for obtaining all possible factor analytic solutions, orthogonal and oblique, for a given common factor space is developed in detail. Interestingly, and seemingly paradoxically, any one of these solutions may be obtained by orthogonal transformations of selected matrices; thus an oblique solution may be determined by orthogonal transformations. Within the possible oblique solutions, two distinct categories of solutions emerge, a special case of the simpler of which apparently provides a definitive solution to the problem of independent, but correlated, clusters. Possible further specializations of the general approach to specific problems are discussed.     

新加坡华人在M.M.P.I的反应模式

本研究的结果显示中译及英文MMPI在新加坡使用时不但具颇高之信度,且两者可视作相等之版本。有关资料亦表明受中文教育和受英文教育的新加坡华人在MMPI上有不同的反应倾向。前者之剖析图属2.8类型,其选答模式与香港地区者相似。后者之剖析图则属8.9类型,其选答模式与美国者较为接近。 在比较中国与新加坡华人在量表的顺序排列时,发现后者在Ma量表之T分数占较高的等级,在Pa量表则占较低的等级。与香港地区比较时,则新加坡华人在Si量表之等级较高。有关量表顺序排列之等级相关則表明了受中文教育的新加坡华人与中国和香港地区之MMPI剖析图,有显著的相似性。但受英文教育的新加坡华人则仅男性之剖析图与香港地区者相似。进一步证实了受不同语文教育的新加坡华人在性格上有差异。 本研究收集的资料,不但可供解说测验之参考,亦可作为进一步效度研究的基础。在跨文化的研究上更提供了有用的资料。     

Use of systematic desensitization in the treatment of airplane phobic patients

There have been several studies of the phenomenon of airplane phobia mostly dealing with professional aviators and aircrews (Goorney, 1960; Aitken, 1970). There has also been a report of the use of penthranization in the in vivo desensitization of an airplane phobic patient (Mildman, 1969). Recently one case of successful in vivo desensitization using flight simulators and flight instruction has been reported (Bernstein and Beaty, 1971).This paper describes the application of Wolpe's (Wolpe, 1969) technique of systematic desensitization for persons with an airplane phobia.     

Working with the Holocaust victims psychologically: Some vital cautions

This article traces the evolution of a major psychological organization's involvement with the Holocaust as a fully justified and legitimate topic of concern and of an ongoing commitment to its study and memory. A number of important cautions and requirements are presented for mental health workers who wish to work in the areas encompassed by the Holocaust, including working therapeutically with Survivors of the Holocaust and their children. The special danger of diminishing or trivializing the Holocaust in the course of writing about aspects or elements of it in psychological articles or writings, as has been the case in other kinds of literature, is brought into focus.     

The extra credit effect in interpersonal attraction

An experiment was conducted in which three levels of personal evaluation (positive, mixed, or negative) were crossed with two levels of dependence of the evaluator (high or low) and two levels of accuracy of the evaluation (high or low). Liking for the evaluator was expected to increase linearly with the favorableness of the evaluation, with two possible exceptions: When a positive evaluation from a dependent evaluator was inaccurate, and when a negative evaluation from a dependent evaluator was accurate. In the former case, the obvious inaccuracy of the positive evaluation in the face of the temptation to ingratiate was expected to elicit a decrement in liking (an “ingratiation effect”) by the person being evaluated. In the latter case, the honesty of the evaluator in the face of the temptation to ingratiate was expected to elicit an increment of linking (an “extra credit effect”) by the person being evaluated. Only the second of these two possibilities was supported.     

Seniority in the generational transition of laboratory groups: The effects of social familiarity and task experience

The determinants of leadership seniority in laboratory groups were investigated in two experiments. In both experiments a procedure was used in which individual group members were periodically replaced throughout 7 generations. The individuals within the groups folded origami products and traded with other groups so as to earn quarters. In the first experiment the effect of social familiarity on seniority was investigated by comparing a set of standard groups with a set of rotational groups in which the group members moved from group to group between generations and thus always interacted with strangers. There was less seniority in the rotational groups. In the second experiment the effect of experience on seniority was investigated by comparing a set of standard groups with a set of experienced groups in which the new group members were recruited from the standard groups. There was less seniority in the experienced groups. It was found in both experiments, in agreement with previous research, that over generations the subjects earned increasing amounts of money and worked with increasing speed and efficiency.