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101.
Chester B. Scrignar William C. Swanson William A. Bloom 《Behaviour research and therapy》1973,11(1):129-131
There have been several studies of the phenomenon of airplane phobia mostly dealing with professional aviators and aircrews (Goorney, 1960; Aitken, 1970). There has also been a report of the use of penthranization in the in vivo desensitization of an airplane phobic patient (Mildman, 1969). Recently one case of successful in vivo desensitization using flight simulators and flight instruction has been reported (Bernstein and Beaty, 1971).This paper describes the application of Wolpe's (Wolpe, 1969) technique of systematic desensitization for persons with an airplane phobia. 相似文献
102.
Chester W. Feuerstein Ph.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1980,11(1):70-77
This article traces the evolution of a major psychological organization's involvement with the Holocaust as a fully justified and legitimate topic of concern and of an ongoing commitment to its study and memory. A number of important cautions and requirements are presented for mental health workers who wish to work in the areas encompassed by the Holocaust, including working therapeutically with Survivors of the Holocaust and their children. The special danger of diminishing or trivializing the Holocaust in the course of writing about aspects or elements of it in psychological articles or writings, as has been the case in other kinds of literature, is brought into focus. 相似文献
103.
David Drachman Andre deCarufel Chester A Insko 《Journal of experimental social psychology》1978,14(5):458-465
An experiment was conducted in which three levels of personal evaluation (positive, mixed, or negative) were crossed with two levels of dependence of the evaluator (high or low) and two levels of accuracy of the evaluation (high or low). Liking for the evaluator was expected to increase linearly with the favorableness of the evaluation, with two possible exceptions: When a positive evaluation from a dependent evaluator was inaccurate, and when a negative evaluation from a dependent evaluator was accurate. In the former case, the obvious inaccuracy of the positive evaluation in the face of the temptation to ingratiate was expected to elicit a decrement in liking (an “ingratiation effect”) by the person being evaluated. In the latter case, the honesty of the evaluator in the face of the temptation to ingratiate was expected to elicit an increment of linking (an “extra credit effect”) by the person being evaluated. Only the second of these two possibilities was supported. 相似文献
104.
105.
Chester A. Insko Robert Gilmore Debra Moehle Angela Lipsitz Sarah Drenan John W. Thibaut 《Journal of experimental social psychology》1982,18(6):557-580
The determinants of leadership seniority in laboratory groups were investigated in two experiments. In both experiments a procedure was used in which individual group members were periodically replaced throughout 7 generations. The individuals within the groups folded origami products and traded with other groups so as to earn quarters. In the first experiment the effect of social familiarity on seniority was investigated by comparing a set of standard groups with a set of rotational groups in which the group members moved from group to group between generations and thus always interacted with strangers. There was less seniority in the rotational groups. In the second experiment the effect of experience on seniority was investigated by comparing a set of standard groups with a set of experienced groups in which the new group members were recruited from the standard groups. There was less seniority in the experienced groups. It was found in both experiments, in agreement with previous research, that over generations the subjects earned increasing amounts of money and worked with increasing speed and efficiency. 相似文献
106.
107.
The purpose of this article is to examine retirement while focusing on issues older adults face in adjusting to retirement and to suggest implications for counseling people who are making this transition. 相似文献
108.
Randy D. Fisher Donna Derison Chester F. Polley Jennifer Cadman Dana Johnston 《Journal of applied social psychology》1994,24(7):614-630
Two studies are reported that examine the relationships among religiousness, religious orientation, and prejudice toward gays and lesbians. Study 1 reports the results of a survey done for the purposes of scientific jury selection. These results suggest that Baptists, fundamentalists, and “Christians” display more antigay prejudice than do Catholics, Jews, and many Protestant denominations, but even many supporters of gay-tolerant religions show more antigay prejudice than those claiming no religious preference. Among those with a religious preference, frequency of worship is significantly related to antigay prejudice among those belonging to antigay denominations, but not among those belonging to more gay tolerant religious faiths. Study 2 reports the results of a study of college students regarding religiousness, religious orientation, and prejudice toward gays and lesbians. Results showed that self reported religiousness, frequency of worship, and Batson's internal and external scales were all positively correlated with measures of prejudice toward gays and lesbians, whereas scores on the Quest (Interactional) scale were negatively correlated. Results of both studies strongly challenge the view that those with an intrinsic religious orientation are unprejudiced. It is argued that a social influence process can account for the role played by religious practice and beliefs in creating and maintaining negative attitudes toward gays and lesbians. 相似文献
109.
Natural selection results in adaptations. I suggest that unexplained fatigue may be an adaptive response to nasal impairment.
For macrosmatic animals, intact olfaction is necessary to detect predators. In such animals, any reflex (e.g., fatigue) triggered
by nasal dysfunction that limited exposure would offer great survival advantage. The “fatigued” animal would remain in its
protected environment, unexposed to hungry carnivores, while the nose healed.
In humans, clinical syndromes associated with unexplained fatigue (chronic fatigue syndrome, tension fatigue syndrome, allergic
fatigue, neurasthenia, etc.) are characterized by symptoms that, in part, are nasal in origin. The older medical literature
does describe the resolution of fatigue in neurasthenia after nasal treatments. Nasal reflexes in animals do cause significant
systemic effects, including an inhibition of muscle action potentials that is, perhaps, analogous to the “heavy-limbed” sensation
of those with fatigue. 相似文献
110.
ABSTRACT— We discuss four potential ways to reduce conflict between groups: consideration of future consequences, independent leadership, outgroup empathy, and coordination. We review relevant empirical findings for each method and discuss how each can be used to promote intergroup cooperation. 相似文献