德谟克利特的真理论：αληθεια和ετεη

在德谟克利特关于认识论方面的残篇中,出现了关于"真"的两种说法,一是主张现象就是真理,把一切感觉的表象都归之于真理;二是主张感觉是不可靠不真实的,认为一切感觉现象都是"从俗约定"的,"实际上,只有原子和虚空"。在希腊文原文中,现象的"真"与原子和虚空所指的"真"是用两个不同的希腊词表达的,前者用的是αληθεια(中译为"真理"),而后者用的是ειεη(中译为"实在")。并且,德谟克利特之前和之后的哲学家们所谈论的真理用的基本上都是αληθεια这个词,ειεη这个词只在德谟克利特的思想表述中出现过。这一对比刚好显出德谟克利特对真理问题的独到见解,从追求αληθεια意义上的"真",到认识αληθεια之"真"的不确定性,再到发现ειεη所指的真正实在之"真"。在经过德谟克利特的这一番探讨之后,真理问题重新被挑起,并成为后世哲人日益关注的焦点。本文就是通过分析αληθεια和ειεη这两个希腊词来探讨德谟克利特真理论思想。     

Mapping the color space of saccadic selectivity in visual search

Color coding is used to guide attention in computer displays for such critical tasks as baggage screening or air traffic control. It has been shown that a display object attracts more attention if its color is more similar to the color for which one is searching. However, what does similar precisely mean? Can we predict the amount of attention that a display color will receive during a search for a given target color? To tackle this question, two color‐search experiments measuring the selectivity of saccadic eye movements and mapping out its underlying color space were conducted. A variety of mathematical models, predicting saccadic selectivity for given target and display colors, were devised and evaluated. The results suggest that applying a Gaussian function to a weighted Euclidean distance in a slightly modified HSI color space is the best predictor of saccadic selectivity in the chosen paradigm. Hue and intensity information by itself provides a basis for useful predictors, spanning a possibly spherical color space of saccadic selectivity. Although the current models cannot predict saccadic selectivity values for a wide variety of visual search tasks, they reveal some characteristics of color search that are of both theoretical and applied interest, such as for the design of human–computer interfaces.     

儿童早期师生关系的研究概述

介绍了近几十年来关于儿童早期师生关系研究的主要方法及有关成果。大多数研究者都是在依恋理论的框架下探索早期师生关系的测量方法、类型和维度划分、相关因素及其对儿童发展与适应的贡献。最近的研究开始重视对师生关系进行教师、学生以及观察者的多视角、多方法测量,识别教师特点和学生特点的组合对早期师生关系的影响,以及探索早期师生关系对儿童发展的长期影响,特别是对儿童适应不良的缓解作用。在总结和评价前人研究的基础上,作者提出了自己的展望。     

为构建和谐社会作贡献 为加强自身建设多努力——在中国道教协会第七次全国代表会议上的讲话

各位代表、各位朋友:今天,大家欢聚北京,隆重举行中国道教协会第七次全国代表会议。会议将总结过去六年多来的工作,选举产生新一届领导班子,研究部署今后五年的工作,特别就如何发挥道教优良传统为构建社会主义和谐社会作贡献问题进行深入讨论。这次会议的召开,是中国道教界的一     

Characteristics of Confucian Rituals (Li)—A Critique of Fan Ruiping’s Interpretation

In this paper I argue that Fan Ruiping’s explication of the Confucian notion of li 禮 (ritual propriety) is problematic in several ways. First, his division of human activities into “social” and “natural” is less than illuminating, as human “natural” activities (such as hunting) are already inescapably social. Second, I question the appropriateness for him to characterize li in terms of “closed activities,” as some rituals are evidently open-ended. Third, he seems to have overemphasized the constitutive function of li and understated its regulative function. Fourth, contrary to Fan’s claim, Confucian li accomplishes “external goals” in human life as well as “internal goals.” Finally, Fan’s requirement for being a Confucian with respect to the observance of li is unrealistically high and makes it difficult for people to qualify as Confucian.     

风险对两类跨期选择的影响：一项ERP研究

该研究利用ERP技术,采用伴随风险的跨期选择任务比较了两类跨期选择（立即vs.延迟、延迟vs.延迟）,并探究了风险（零风险、低风险、高风险）对两者跨期选择影响的神经动力学机制。ERP结果显示,对于立即vs.延迟和延迟vs.延迟,在N2和N400上前者大于后者,在LPC上后者大于前者;风险对两者在时程上的影响趋于一致。因此,其加工可能是先对奖赏在风险维度上进行折扣,再与延迟时间进行整合形成奖赏预期,而后做出选择。     

Action orientation overcomes the ego depletion effect

It has been consistently demonstrated that initial exertion of self‐control had negative influence on people's performance on subsequent self‐control tasks. This phenomenon is referred to as the ego depletion effect. Based on action control theory, the current research investigated whether the ego depletion effect could be moderated by individuals' action versus state orientation. Our results showed that only state‐oriented individuals exhibited ego depletion. For individuals with action orientation, however, their performance was not influenced by initial exertion of self‐control. The beneficial effect of action orientation against ego depletion in our experiment results from its facilitation for adapting to the depleting task.     

一般心理能力(GMA)预测绩效:现状、机制及趋势

一般心理能力(General Mental Ability,GMA)是人事选拔领域应用最为普遍的预测源,百年来的研究证实,GMA不仅直接影响工作知识的获得与技能习得,还通过学习和问题解决间接影响个体的工作绩效,是工作绩效的最佳预测源。未来对GMA本质以及GMA与绩效关系的探讨,除了经典测量学视角外,还应借鉴认知神经研究范式,深入揭示GMA预测工作绩效的脑认知机制,同时进一步收集GMA的预测效度以及中国情境下的概化效度证据。     

Career-specific parental behaviors,career exploration and career adaptability: A three-wave investigation among Chinese undergraduates

The current research examined the effects of career-specific parental behaviors (reported by parents at time 1) on Chinese university students' career exploration (reported by students at time 2) and career adaptability (reported by students at time 3). A survey study was conducted among Chinese university graduates (N = 244) and their parents (N = 244). The results supported a mediation model such that a high level of parental support and a low level of parental interference had beneficial effects on Chinese undergraduates' career exploration, which in turn positively predicted their career adaptability. Lack of parental career engagement had a direct negative effect on career adaptability. Significant interaction effects were also found among these three types of parental behaviors such that at a lower level of lack of parental career engagement, the positive effects of parental support, as well as the negative effects of interference on career exploration were stronger. The corresponding moderated mediation models were also supported. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory and career counseling practices.