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The nature of the connection between musical and spatial processing is controversial. While pitch may be described in spatial terms such as “high” or “low”, it is unclear whether pitch and space are associated but separate dimensions or whether they share representational and processing resources. In the present study, we asked participants to judge whether a target vocal note was the same as (or different from) a preceding cue note. Importantly, target trials were presented as video clips where a singer sometimes gestured upward or downward while singing that target note, thus providing an alternative, concurrent source of spatial information. Our results show that pitch discrimination was significantly biased by the spatial movement in gesture, such that downward gestures made notes seem lower in pitch than they really were, and upward gestures made notes seem higher in pitch. These effects were eliminated by spatial memory load but preserved under verbal memory load conditions. Together, our findings suggest that pitch and space have a shared representation such that the mental representation of pitch is audiospatial in nature. 相似文献
133.
Haneesh Kesari Joseph C. Doll Beth L. Pruitt Wei Cai 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(12):891-902
In experiments that involve contact with adhesion between two surfaces, as found in atomic force microscopy or nanoindentation, two distinct contact force (P) versus indentation-depth (h) curves are often measured depending on whether the indenter moves towards or away from the sample. The origin of this hysteresis is not well understood and is often attributed to moisture, plasticity or viscoelasticity. Here we report experiments which show that hysteresis can exist in the absence of these effects, and that its magnitude depends on surface roughness. We develop a theoretical model in which the hysteresis appears as the result of a series of surface instabilities, in which the contact area grows or recedes by a finite amount. The model can be used to estimate material properties from contact experiments even when the measured P–h curves are not unique. 相似文献
134.
北宋著名学者、政治家张商英当理学兴起之时,回应欧阳修、二程的批佛言论,主张儒释道三教融合、鼎足而立,不可缺一。认为三教均有补于治世。一定程度地看到儒家治世思想之流弊,提倡以佛法、道书济儒教之穷。从他一再把儒学称之为"吾儒"、"吾教"而言,表明他在一定程度上还是以儒为主来调和儒佛、融合三教的。 相似文献
135.
Zijun Cai Yanjun Guan Hongyan Li Wei Shi Kun Guo Yi Liu Qinglin Li Xue Han Peng Jiang Zheng Fang Huijuan Hua 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2015
Basing on career construction theory and self-verification theory, current research examined the mediating and moderating models for the relations among self-esteem, proactive personality, career exploration, future work self and career adaptability. A two-wave survey study was conducted among Chinese university students (N = 305). The results showed that both self-esteem and proactive personality (measured at time 1) positively predicted future work self and career adaptability (measured at time 2), with these relationships mediated by career exploration (measured at time 1). In addition, the results further revealed that the positive effect of self-esteem on career exploration was stronger among students who had a higher level of proactive personality. In support of the hypothesized moderated mediation model, for individuals with a higher level of proactive personality, the indirect effects of self-esteem on future work self and career adaptability through career exploration were stronger. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory and career counseling practices. 相似文献
136.
Analysis of covariance or correlation structure is characterized, unfortunately, by repetitive suboptimal communication between persons and/or computer programs. After analyzing some aspects of this suboptimality, I suggest some approaches to improving the situation. 相似文献
137.
Past studies suggest that positive affect produces a wide range of desirable outcomes because it helps people build lasting resources. It may be assumed that these resources build on positive affect over time, which in turn may explain the beneficial effect of positive affect in stressful encounters. However, this assumption has not been directly tested by empirical studies. This question is important in that it helps clarify the underlying mechanism through which individuals with more positive affect might respond adaptively to adverse situations. Using a stressful task that included 20 rounds of risky investment choices, the current study examined whether psychological resilience, an important personal resource fuelled by positive affect, could account for the beneficial effects of positive affect. Specifically, we examined the relationship between individuals’ baseline levels of positive affect, their levels of psychological resilience, their choices in a risky investment decision task, and their levels of positive affect on the final investment task. The results demonstrate that psychological resilience could indeed help explain happier people's enhanced outcomes: They chose higher return although more risky investment options and experienced more positive affect at the end of the task. The current study supports the notion that individuals who experience frequent positive affect thrive through various challenges not simply because they feel good, but because they have resources that they can utilize to deal with these challenges. Findings from the present study support further investigation of the important relationship between specific positive affect, psychological resilience, and performance in risky investment tasks. 相似文献
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139.
IRT模型参数估计的新方法——MCMC算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究主要探讨MCMC算法在IRT模型参数估计中的实现及其估计精度.通过模拟多种实验条件(人少题少、人题适中、人多题多、被试数及其参数固定情况下项目数变化、项目数及其参数固定情况下人数变化),考察两参数和叁参数Logistic模型的MCMC算法对其参数估计的精度,并与国际通用测量程序-Bilog程序(E-M算法)进行比较研究.模拟实验研究表明,上述各种实验条件下,MCMC算法均可用于IRT模型参数估计,且其估计的精度均较Bilog程序(E-M算法)高,值得推广. 相似文献
140.
从《科学发明创造实验问题材料库》中选取实验材料,采用“学习多个原型-测试多个问题”的两阶段实验范式,探究推理能力、认知方式和启发量对顿悟问题解决中原型激活与关键启发信息提取这两个阶段的影响。结果发现:(1)高推理能力被试比低推理能力被试的顿悟问题解决水平更高,且高推理能力被试在原型激活和关键启发信息提取上都显著优于低推理能力被试;(2)认知方式对原型激活和关键启发信息提取均没有影响;(3)启发量对原型激活没有影响,但对关键启发信息的提取有影响,并且高启发量的原型比低启发量的原型更能促进关键启发信息的提取。 相似文献