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排序方式: 共有698条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
301.
Abstract In our response we consider several broad sets of issues raised in the commentaries on our target article. We provide an elaboration of the general theory of pragmatic reasoning schemas and of the mechanisms posited to explain pespective effects and other contextual influences on reasoning. We consider the strengths and limitations of a number of alternative proposals offered by the commentators. Finally, we discuss possible links between pragmatic schemas and more elementary “building blocks” for human reasoning 相似文献
302.
Data are presented from the UK Millennium Cohort Study for a sample of 14,860 5 year old British children giving the IQs of whites and racial minorities. Africans, Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis obtained lower IQs than whites, while the IQ of the Chinese was higher. These group differences in IQ were consistent with the differences in educational attainments and earnings. 相似文献
303.
古代汉语典籍中的"法治"语词略考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在中国古代的典籍中,因"法"、"治"二字的连属,出现了"法"的"治"之状态、作为名词的"法治"和"以法治国"的短语三种形态,表明中国古代已有"法治"这一名词,并有"法治"的概念. 相似文献
304.
[编者按] 黄俊杰教授是在海内外享有盛誉的台湾学者.现任台湾大学历史系特聘教授、中央研究院中国文哲研究所合聘研究员、台大人文社会高等研究院院长,并兼任台湾通识教育学会荣誉理事长. 相似文献
305.
Susan S.F. Gau MD PhD Chin‐Hung Chen MD Charles T.C. Lee PhD Jung‐Chen Chang PhD Andrew T.A. Cheng MD PhD DSc FRCPsych 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(3):332-342
This study established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) in a clinic‐ and community‐based sample of 36 patients and 592 respondents, respectively. Results showed that the Chinese SIS demonstrated good inter‐rater and test‐retest reliability. Factor analysis generated three factors (Precautions, Planning, and Seriousness) explaining 92.9% of the total variance with high internal consistency. It was moderately correlated with depressive symptoms. Results suggest that the Chinese SIS is a reliable and valid instrument for use in assessing the extent of suicidal intention among subjects with deliberate self‐harm in ethnic Chinese populations. 相似文献
306.
Cheng RK MacDonald CJ Williams CL Meck WH 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2008,15(3):153-162
Choline availability in the maternal diet has a lasting effect on brain and behavior of the offspring. To further delineate the impact of early nutritional status, we examined effects of prenatal-choline supplementation on timing, emotion, and memory performance of adult male and female rats. Rats that were given sufficient choline (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP: 5.0 g/kg) during embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained with a differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedule that was gradually transitioned through 5-, 10-, 18-, 36-, and 72-sec criterion times. We observed that SUP-females emitted more reinforced responses than CON-females, which were more efficient than both groups of males. In addition, SUP-males and SUP-females exhibited a reduction in burst responding (response latencies <2 sec) compared with both groups of CON rats. Furthermore, despite a reduced level of burst responding, the SUP-males made more nonreinforced responses prior to the DRL criterion as a result of maintaining the previous DRL criterion following transition to a new criterion. In summary, long-lasting effects of prenatal-choline supplementation were exhibited by reduced frustrative DRL responding in conjunction with the persistence of temporal memory in SUP-males and enhanced temporal exploration and response efficiency in SUP-females. 相似文献
307.
公共管理:治理模式及其构建 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对社会治理模式的概念分析及回溯表明,在西方国家的新公共管理运动背景下,特别是在中国以建设服务型政府为目标的行政改革中,作为社会治理模式的公共管理理论已经形成.在这一理论中,公共管理作为一种新型的社会治理模式,是建立在服务精神和服务原则基础上的服务型社会治理模式,它以信任-合作机制的生成为基本特征,具有"服务-信任-合作"三位一体的关系图式. 相似文献
308.
The article presents a Bayesian model of causal learning that incorporates generic priors--systematic assumptions about abstract properties of a system of cause-effect relations. The proposed generic priors for causal learning favor sparse and strong (SS) causes--causes that are few in number and high in their individual powers to produce or prevent effects. The SS power model couples these generic priors with a causal generating function based on the assumption that unobservable causal influences on an effect operate independently (P. W. Cheng, 1997). The authors tested this and other Bayesian models, as well as leading nonnormative models, by fitting multiple data sets in which several parameters were varied parametrically across multiple types of judgments. The SS power model accounted for data concerning judgments of both causal strength and causal structure (whether a causal link exists). The model explains why human judgments of causal structure (relative to a Bayesian model lacking these generic priors) are influenced more by causal power and the base rate of the effect and less by sample size. Broader implications of the Bayesian framework for human learning are discussed. 相似文献
309.
Prospect theory proposes that framing effects result in a preference for risk-averse choices in gain situations and risk-seeking choices in loss situations. However, in group polarization situations, groups show a pronounced tendency to shift toward more extreme positions than those they initially held. Whether framing effects in group decision making are more prominent as a result of the group-polarization effect was examined. Purposive sampling of 120 college students (57 men, 63 women; M age = 20.1 yr., SD = 0.9) allowed assessment of relative preference between cautious and risky choices in individual and group decisions. Findings indicated that both group polarization and framing effects occur in investment decisions. More importantly, group decisions in a gain situation appear to be more cautious, i.e., risk averse, than individual decisions, whereas group decisions in the loss situation appear to be more risky than individual decisions. Thus, group decision making may expand framing effects when it comes to investment choices through group polarization. 相似文献
310.
Gordon L. Flett Paul L. Hewitt Wing Man Winnie Cheng 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(3):194-205
The current study examined the associations between dimensions of perfectionism and irrational beliefs in an adolescent sample.
In addition, we tested the association between psychological distress and irrational beliefs in adolescents and we evaluated
the feasibility of creating a modified version of the Survey of Personal Beliefs for use with adolescents. A sample of 250
adolescents (108 males, 142 females) completed the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, the Survey of Personal Beliefs, and
the CES-D Depression Scale. Initial psychometric analyses yielded an abbreviated 30-item Survey of Personal Beliefs with adequate
internal consistency for four of the five subscales. Our results showed that self-oriented perfectionism was associated significantly
with all five irrational belief subscales, while the associations between socially prescribed perfectionism and irrational
belief subscales were much smaller in magnitude. Self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and irrational
beliefs were all associated significantly with elevated distress among adolescents, and irrational beliefs predicted unique
variance in distress, over and above the variance attributable to the trait perfectionism dimensions. The findings confirmed
the association between perfectionism and irrational beliefs and their respective roles in psychological distress among adolescents. 相似文献