《理想国》正义生活的建构及内在缺陷

<理想国>作为一部伟大的哲学著作,其对正义问题的探索具有开拓性的意义.<理想国>这部著作在正义问题的背后还存在一个隐形目标,即纯粹正义生活的建立.纯粹正义生活是一种理想的生活方式,由三种不同身份和职业的人们构成,彼此之间的关系简单而纯粹、同质而和谐.这一生活方式被柏拉图建立在"自然"和"知识"这一对范畴的基础上."自然"和"知识"概念赋予这一生活纯粹性和正义性--在自然禀赋的基础上,纯粹正义生活中的身份和职业区分得以可能;在知识的指导下,纯粹正义生活的合理性和可欲性得到保证.通过这对概念,苏格拉底表明纯粹正义生活的可能性和有效性.然而也正是"知识"和"自然"这对概念之间的不一致性暴露了<理想国>中纯粹正义生活的局限.自然概念受到哲学家的过多干预无法保证其作用的发挥,知识概念更是无法保证一种言辞中的生活具有现实性.     

胖负面身体自我女性对身体信息注意偏向成分的时间进程：一项眼动追踪研究

虽然目前大量研究基于Vitousek和Hollon (1990)提出的饮食失调认知模型对胖负面身体自我图式者或饮食失调者的注意偏向进行探讨, 但对其注意偏向的成分仍未得出一致结论, 且尚无研究查考其时间进程特点。研究采用更具生态效度的身体图片为实验刺激, 刺激呈现时间2000ms, 采用传统经典的点探测范式与眼动追踪技术结合, 探讨胖负面身体自我女性对身体信息注意偏向成分的时间进程。基于前人的工作(Castellanos et al., 2009; Garner, Mogg, & Bradley, 2006), 研究考察了四个眼动数据：首视点定向偏向分数、首视点潜伏期偏向分数、首视点注视时间偏向以及总注视时间偏向分数, 系统探讨了注意定向、探测时间、最初注意维持/回避以及总体注意维持/回避。眼动数据发现, 胖负面身体自我图式者对不同身体图片存在不同的注意偏向模式, 对胖图片为注意警觉—维持模式, 具体表现为早期加速探测、注意定向, 以及最初的注意维持和总体注意维持; 对瘦图片仅为注意警觉, 具体表现为早期加速探测; 行为数据支持实验组对胖图片的注意维持以及对身体图片的注意脱离困难。该结果部分支持Vitousek和Hollon (1990)的模型, 即负面身体自我图式能够易化对图式一致信息的加工, 而未发现对图式不一致信息的回避或抑制。     

The information content of panoramic images I: The rotational errors and the similarity of views in rectangular experimental arenas

Animals relocating a target corner in a rectangular space often make rotational errors searching not only at the target corner but also at the diagonally opposite corner. The authors tested whether view-based navigation can explain rotational errors by recording panoramic snapshots at regularly spaced locations in a rectangular box. The authors calculated the global image difference between the image at each location and the image recorded at a target location in 1 of the corners, thus creating a 2-dimensional map of image differences. The authors found the most pronounced minima of image differences at the target corner and the diagonally opposite corner--conditions favoring rotational errors. The authors confirmed these results in virtual reality simulations and showed that the relative salience of different visual cues determines whether image differences are dominated by geometry or by features. The geometry of space is thus implicitly contained in panoramic images and does not require explicit computation by a dedicated module. A testable prediction is that animals making rotational errors in rectangular spaces are guided by remembered views.     

医学模式的转变与胃食管反流病的思考

胃食管反流病（GERD）是消化科门诊最常见的疾病之一,具有慢性复发性倾向,严重影响人们的生活质量。目前认为本病是一种多因素的心身疾病,随着传统生物医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式的转变,要求我们要自觉地运用辩证唯物主义观点,从系统论出发,应用发展的观点,注重医学模式的转变,审慎制定治疗方案。     

先秦两汉道家哲学对中医学生命观的影响

生命问题不仅仅是一个医学问题,也是一个哲学问题.先秦两汉道家哲学对中医学生命观的影响深刻而久远,这体现在中医学关于生命的本源以及养生等各个方面.研究先秦两汉中医哲学,必须重视对道家哲学生命观的研究,这是中医哲学核心问题之一.     

褚伯秀的庄学思想简论

褚伯秀,号雪巘,又号"武林道士",钱塘(今属浙江杭州)人,宋末元初道教学者,有<南华真经义海纂微>106卷传世,曾注<道德>、<冲虚>二经,皆佚.淳祐丙午年(1246),西蜀的范应元在京师设席讲<庄子>,褚伯秀师从他学习,得<庄子>心印.     

Dialectical Thinking and Coping Flexibility: A Multimethod Approach

ABSTRACT Coping flexibility refers to the formulation of flexible coping strategies that meet distinct demands under changing circumstances. Dialectical thinking was proposed to be related to flexible coping across situations. The hypothesized link between dialectical thinking and coping flexibility was explored by a multimethod approach. In Study 1 , the association between dialectical thinking and coping flexibility was examined using a cross-sectional design. In Study 2 , the hypothesized link was tested using an experimental paradigm in which dialectical thinking was manipulated by priming procedures. Participants' responses to different hypothetical stressful situations were assessed after priming. Study 3 adopted a prospective design in which dialectical thinking assessed at an initial phase was a predictor of changes in coping flexibility and state anxiety over a 12-month period. Results from the three studies consistently revealed a positive relationship between dialectical thinking and coping flexibility.     

Pulling yourself together: Meditation promotes congruence between implicit and explicit self-esteem

Self-reported or explicit self-esteem frequently conflicts with indirectly assessed, implicit self-esteem. The present research investigated whether meditation may reduce such inner conflicts by promoting congruence between implicit and explicit self-esteem. Relative to control conditions, meditation led to greater congruence between explicit self-esteem, assessed via self-report, and implicit self-esteem, indicated by name-letter preference (Studies 1 and 2). Low implicit self-esteem was further associated with a slow-down of explicit self-evaluation (Study 2), an effect that mediated the greater congruence between implicit and explicit self-esteem in the meditation condition. These results suggest that meditation encourages people to rely more on intuitive feelings of self-worth.     

抑制控制能力衰退对知觉组织老年化的影响

通过比较注意线索对老年人和年轻人共线性和相似性知觉组织的影响,探讨了知觉组织老年化的原因。研究发现,注意线索对年轻人的助益更大,对老年人的助益较小,符合抑制控制理论的研究假设,同时本文还对加工速度、基本感觉能力等可能引起认知老年化的因素进行了分析。此外,还发现了知觉组织中与阅读习惯一致的方向偏好,无论在有无注意线索的条件下,135°方向上的知觉组织都快于45°方向上的知觉组织。