Introduction: striving for objectivity in space

Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences - In this special issue, we put together papers that explore the theme “objectivity, space, and mind” from various angles. In the introduction...     

医学模式的转变与胃食管反流病的思考

胃食管反流病（GERD）是消化科门诊最常见的疾病之一,具有慢性复发性倾向,严重影响人们的生活质量。目前认为本病是一种多因素的心身疾病,随着传统生物医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式的转变,要求我们要自觉地运用辩证唯物主义观点,从系统论出发,应用发展的观点,注重医学模式的转变,审慎制定治疗方案。     

先秦两汉道家哲学对中医学生命观的影响

生命问题不仅仅是一个医学问题,也是一个哲学问题.先秦两汉道家哲学对中医学生命观的影响深刻而久远,这体现在中医学关于生命的本源以及养生等各个方面.研究先秦两汉中医哲学,必须重视对道家哲学生命观的研究,这是中医哲学核心问题之一.     

论中国行政学理论研究中的学习与创新

行政改革是中国全局性改革的重要组成部分,然而,我国长期以来却存在着理论研究缺位的问题,从公开发表的大量论著看,大量作品停留在对西方既有理论成果和实践经验加以原样照搬的水平。当然,西方既有的理论和实践对中国行政改革有着一定的参考和借鉴意义,但不能原封照搬。中国的行政学理论研究,需要从中国双重转型的具体国情出发,以中国学者的学术自觉进行有针对性的理论创新。也应看到,中国行政学界始于90年代的服务行政理论研究却是自出机杼,而且必将成为行政学理论本土化、民族化的先导。     

英国艾德里工党政府的福利政策

艾德里工党政府是英国福利国家的奠基者,1946年的《国民保险法》和《国民医疗保健法》是英国福利国家初步形成的标志.福利国家的构想和艾德里政府的福利政策迎合了战后英国人的需求,但在具体实施过程中的困难和障碍也部分预示着福利政策本身也可能成为双刃剑.     

19世纪西方医学对精神疾病诊治的影响

精神疾病是现代困扰人类的主要疾病之一。通过总结19世纪西方医学对精神疾病的认识及主要治疗方法,拟展现这个世纪中治疗方法随观念变化和实践深入而发展的轨迹,旨在说明19世纪是西医精神病学发展史上的重要时期,并揭示其与现代精神疾病治疗的历史传承性。     

Bayesian integration of spatial information

Spatial judgments and actions are often based on multiple cues. The authors review a multitude of phenomena on the integration of spatial cues in diverse species to consider how nearly optimally animals combine the cues. Under the banner of Bayesian perception, cues are sometimes combined and weighted in a near optimal fashion. In other instances when cues are combined, how optimal the integration is might be unclear. Only 1 cue may be relied on, or cues may seem to compete with one another. The authors attempt to bring some order to the diversity by taking into account the subjective discrepancy in the dictates of multiple cues. When cues are too discrepant, it may be best to rely on 1 cue source. When cues are not too discrepant, it may be advantageous to combine cues. Such a dual principle provides an extended Bayesian framework for understanding the functional reasons for the integration of spatial cues.     

韩愈与道教——兼论其对现代道教发展的意义

韩愈排斥道教,但他又与道教有相当的瓜蔓。从韩愈对道教的态度、与道教徒交往及其祭神活动三个方面可看出韩愈与道教的关联的复杂性。以此为基础,反思道教在现时代应在理解世界、贞定生命意义,培养道教人才方面进行创造性转换,从而开显出道教所具有的引领人走入新的生命境界之功。     

在中国道教协会成立五十周年庆祝大会上的贺词

尊敬的各位领导,尊敬的任法融会长,各教同仁、各位朋友:今天,我们在庄严的人民大会堂隆重集会,热烈庆祝中国道教协会成立五十周年。我受委托谨代表中国伊斯兰教协会、中国天主教两会、中国基督教两会、中国佛教协会,向中国道教协会和全国广大道教界的朋友们致以诚挚的问候,向出席大会的各位领导、各教同仁、各位朋友表示衷心的祝福!     

Ketamine "unlocks" the reduced clock-speed effects of cocaine following extended training: evidence for dopamine--glutamate interactions in timing and time perception

The present study examined the clock-speed modulating effects of acute cocaine administration in groups of male rats that received different amounts of baseline training on a 36-s peak-interval procedure prior to initial drug injection. After injection of cocaine (10, 15, or 20mg/kg, ip), rats that had received a minimal amount of training (e.g., or=180 sessions) prior to cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) administration did not produce this "classic" curve-shift effect, but instead displayed a general disruption of temporal control following drug administration. Importantly, when co-administered with a behaviorally ineffective dose of ketamine (10mg/kg, ip) the ability of cocaine to modulate clock speed in rats receiving extended training was restored. A glutamate "lock/unlock" hypothesis is used to explain the observed dopamine-glutamate interactions as a function of timing behaviors becoming learned habits.