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This article introduces a new affordance framework for humans and human design. Based on previous important concepts in product design–affordance, signifier, and product semantics, the authors propose three new concepts to illustrate how people perceive affordance. According to the model, perceptual probability of affordance is the probability that the public can perceive a certain affordance; perceptual threshold of affordance is the threshold at which affordance can be perceived by a person and changed by perceptual information; and situations, in which interactions between affordances and people exist, are crucial influences on human–affordance interactions. An illustration of the model and suggestions for further research are provided. 相似文献
83.
数学焦虑研究的认知取向 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:22
数学焦虑一直是心理学界研究和讨论的热点问题。本文主要从认知的角度对数学焦虑进行解释,并以此揭示数学焦虑的心理机制和思维规律。 相似文献
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当代心智哲学研究的12个问题及其他 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
自古希腊文明时期起,人类就开始了对心智(m ind)奥秘孜孜不倦的探索。然而,在20世纪后半叶之前,心智在哲学中的研究一直处于非主流状态。在过去的30年里,这种情况发生了很大的改变,心智哲学成为哲学研究的中心论题之一,它带动和涵盖了其他许多哲学分支的研究。心智哲学的当代领军人物之一、美国著名哲学家塞尔(John R.Searle)甚至指出:“50年前语言哲学被认为是‘第一哲学’,现在这一位置由心智哲学所取代。”[1]正是基于这一认识,塞尔在他的新作《心智》一书中总结了当代心智哲学应该加以深入研究的12个基本问题,这些问题是在笛卡尔传统… 相似文献
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被遮蔽的"流动"之魂——辩证发展模式自身的辩证法透视 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对辩证发展过程的理解总是与"三段式"联系在一起.然而"三段式"作为黑格尔对古希腊辩证法的发掘和改造,并没有达到表现论的成熟境界,其本身还需要进一步发掘.如果剥去"三段式"的日常语言外衣使其形式化,那么,"正反合"的过程就表现为一个以环节为其结构成分的周期链.以辩证否定的眼光来解读这个周期链,可以发现其中蕴涵了无数种变易的可能性,"三段式"只是其中的典型表达式而不是唯一的表达式.于是,辩证发展的模式就由"一个关系式"的阶段进入到"关系式的变易体系"阶段,从而具有了强大的解释功能. 相似文献
88.
Hyperactivity and Learning Deficits in Transgenic Mice Bearing a Human Mutant Thyroid Hormone β1 Receptor Gene
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Michael P. McDonald Rosemary Wong Gregory Goldstein Bruce Weintraub Sheue-yann Cheng Jacqueline N. Crawley 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》1998,5(4):289-301
Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a human syndrome mapped to the thyroid receptor β (TRβ) gene on chromosome 3, representing a mutation of the ligandbinding domain of the TRβ gene. The syndrome is characterized by reduced tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormone and elevated serum levels of thyroid hormones. A common behavioral phenotype associated with RTH is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To test the hypothesis that RTH produces attention deficits and/or hyperactivity, transgenic mice expressing a mutant TRβ gene were generated. The present experiment tested RTH transgenic mice from the PV kindred on behavioral tasks relevant to the primary features of ADHD: hyperactivity, sustained attention (vigilance), learning, and impulsivity. Male transgenic mice showed elevated locomotor activity in an open field compared to male wild-type littermate controls. Both male and female transgenic mice exhibited impaired learning of an autoshaping task, compared to wild-type controls. On a vigilance task in an operant chamber, there were no differences between transgenics and controls on the proportion of hits, response latency, or duration of stimulus tolerated. On an operant go/no-go task measuring sustained attention and impulsivity, there were no differences between controls and transgenics. These results indicate that transgenic mice bearing a mutant human TRβ gene demonstrate several behavioral characteristics of ADHD and may serve a valuable heuristic role in elucidating possible candidate genes in converging pathways for other causes of ADHD. 相似文献
89.
Previous studies have shown that distraction may either increase or decrease attitude change. The present experiment, designed to reconcile earlier findings, was based on the hypothesis that distraction should interfere with message reception but also increase yielding to the message. Distraction should thus increase attitude change to a simple message (one which is easily understood but not very convincing), but decrease attitude change to a complex message (one which is difficult to understand but convicing if understood). Subjects beard messages on two topics, sometimes while distracted by a tape recording of music and sometimes not. Message complexity was successfully manipulated for one of the topics. The results support a model of attitude change which considers the effects of independent variables on both reception and yielding. 相似文献
90.
Robert S. Davidon Mei-Fang Hsieh Cheng 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1964,16(3):277-281
In the study of active tactile-kinesthetic space perception apparent distance has been found to vary as a function of the direction of the line segment in a horizontal plane. The present data indicate that the error is not consistently related to the same frame of reference as the visual illusion. Rather, with movement of the extended arm to determine the relative distances between pairs of points, radial distances are overestimated in relation to tangential ones, whether parallel or perpendicular to the medial plane. Interpretations are in terms of kinesthetic stimulus patterns and the structure of perceptual representation. 相似文献