Psychiatric Distress and Suicidal Tendencies in Adult Cancer Survivors: Verifying the Validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 for Identifying Suicidal Ideation in the Hospitalized Population of Mainland China

The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is widely used to assess psychiatric distress but has not been verified in the Chinese population. From March to April 2019, 293 hospitalized cancer patients, aged 20–87, completed the cross-sectional survey with demographics questionnaire, BSI-18, and PHQ-9. We analyzed the single suicide-related item of PHQ-9 with the full score clinical outpoint for BSI-18 and PHQ-9 using SPSS 22.0 and R 2.15, including Pearson's χ² test and ROC curve analyses. A Pearson's χ² test was carried out to compare the three different methods with the gold screening criteria. The p-value was correspondingly to .006, .066, .838. When the PHQ-9?≥?10 criteria for the BSI-18, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that AUC values were 0.839, optimal cut-off points for both BSI-18?≥?50, the sensitivity of 85.8%, and 62.5%, respectively. The BSI-18 is suitable for a screening tool for psychological distress and could also be used in clinical settings for preliminary screening of hospitalized cancer patients.

     

“技术认识”解析

要阐明技术认识论的性质、内容和理论系统,必须从技术认识开始,这是研究技术认识论的基点。明确技术认识的一个前提是准确把握什么是技术,澄清技术认识与非技术认识的界限,以此为基础才能明确什么是技术认识。一、技术与技术认识     

Grand Theft Auto IV comes to Singapore: effects of repeated exposure to violent video games on aggression

Given the increasingly dominant role of video games in the mainstream entertainment industry, it is no surprise that the scholarly debate about their impact has been lively and well attended. Although >100 studies have been conducted to examine the impact of violent video games on aggression, no clear consensus has been reached, particularly in terms of their long-term impact on violent behavior and aggressive cognitions. This study employs a first-ever longitudinal laboratory-based experiment to examine longer-term effects of playing a violent video game. One hundred thirty-five participants were assigned either to the treatment condition where they played a violent video game in a controlled laboratory setting for a total of 12 hours or to the control group where they did not play a game. Participants in the treatment group played Grand Theft Auto IV over a period of 3 weeks and were compared with a control group on the posttest measures of trait aggression, attitudes toward violence, and empathy. The findings do not support the assertion that playing a violent video game for a period of 3 weeks increases aggression or reduces empathy, but they suggest a small increase in proviolence attitudes. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

A Concise History of Chinese Psychology of Religion

The history of religious thought and the history of human thought are closely interrelated, so the study of Chinese psychology of religion should pay attention to the study of Chinese history. In this paper, we summarize the history of Han Chinese psychology of religion in three stages from the perspectives of the history of Chinese thought, the history of Chinese religion, and the history of Chinese psychology. In the accumulation stage during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, debates about “human nature” were central to a psychology of religion. We hope that this will be helpful for the further study of Chinese psychology of religion.     

Risk-taking behavior and response inhibition of commuter motorcyclists with different levels of impulsivity

The purposes of this study were to identify the relationships between the risk-taking behavior, response inhibition, and risky motorcycle riding behavior of commuter motorcyclists with different levels of impulsivity, and to examine how these behaviors contribute to motorcycle accidents. A total of 255 Chinese commuter motorcyclists were recruited for this study. Their levels of impulsivity were classified according to the Chinese Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11th. Their risk-taking behavior was assessed by the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and their response inhibition was assessed by the Chinese version of the Stroop test Victoria version. The Chinese Motorcycle Rider Driving Violation Scale was used to assess risky motorcycle riding behaviors. Results showed that impulsivity was associated with risk-taking behavior and risky motorcycle riding. Highly impulsive motorcyclists carry out more risk-taking behaviors and are less able to inhibit responses than those with low impulsivity. Motorcyclists with medium impulsivity (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.91–11.39) and those with high impulsivity (OR, 4.91; 95% CI, 2.34–10.24) were about 5 times more likely to be actively involved in motorcycle accidents than those with low impulsivity. Postlicense motorcycle riding experience and risky motorcycle riding behavior were two significant predictors of motorcycle traffic accidents after controlling for other sociodemographic variables. These results can facilitate the development of interventions, including the training and testing of motorcyclists, public education, and mass media messages about traffic risk.     

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Remember Two Near-Target Landmark Constellations

A set of experiments tested whether honeybees can remember two different landmark constellations within the same room, or whether the two constellations are mixed together in a single composite memory. Bees were trained to find a reward location with two different landmark arrays. For example, when the blue landmark was north of the yellow one, the reward was to the east; when the yellow landmark was north of the blue one, the reward was to the west. On occasional unrewarded tests, either one of the training arrays was presented (control tests), or else a training array rotated by 90° (rotated tests). A rotated array consisted of part of one training array added to a part of the other training array. Should honeybees form a single composite memory by combining the two training arrays, they should search as much at the target location on rotated tests as on control tests. Results refute this and suggest that they had two separate memories.     

伊朗古代钱币的宗教内涵

伊朗的古代钱币作为伊朗历史文化的重要载体一直为国际学术界所关注,同时它也是收藏界的宠儿,但是国内对此知之甚少,本文就上海博物馆最近出版的馆藏丝绸之路古代国家钱币和其他伊朗钱币图录以及介绍为依据,阐述伊朗钱币上的宗教内容及其背后深层的内涵。     

英国艾德里工党政府的福利政策

艾德里工党政府是英国福利国家的奠基者,1946年的《国民保险法》和《国民医疗保健法》是英国福利国家初步形成的标志.福利国家的构想和艾德里政府的福利政策迎合了战后英国人的需求,但在具体实施过程中的困难和障碍也部分预示着福利政策本身也可能成为双刃剑.     

Ketamine "unlocks" the reduced clock-speed effects of cocaine following extended training: evidence for dopamine--glutamate interactions in timing and time perception

The present study examined the clock-speed modulating effects of acute cocaine administration in groups of male rats that received different amounts of baseline training on a 36-s peak-interval procedure prior to initial drug injection. After injection of cocaine (10, 15, or 20mg/kg, ip), rats that had received a minimal amount of training (e.g., or=180 sessions) prior to cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) administration did not produce this "classic" curve-shift effect, but instead displayed a general disruption of temporal control following drug administration. Importantly, when co-administered with a behaviorally ineffective dose of ketamine (10mg/kg, ip) the ability of cocaine to modulate clock speed in rats receiving extended training was restored. A glutamate "lock/unlock" hypothesis is used to explain the observed dopamine-glutamate interactions as a function of timing behaviors becoming learned habits.