Whither geometry? Troubles of the geometric module

In rectangular arenas, rats often confuse diagonally opposite corners, even when distinctive cues differentiate them. This led to the postulation that rats rely preferentially on the geometry of space, encoded in a dedicated geometric module. Recent research casts doubt on this idea. Distinctive featural cues such as entire walls of a distinct color can hinder or aid the learning of geometry. In one situation in which using geometry would help greatly, rats had trouble learning the task. An associative model has been developed to capture these different learning processes, and view-based matching has been proposed as an alternative to the explicit coding of geometric cues. Considerations about how cues interact in learning are crucial in a recent theory of human spatial cognition.     

酒依赖与酒文化

作为一种精神障碍,越来越多的与饮酒有关的问题在我国引起了专业人员的重视。酒依赖不仅对个体的心理和躯体健康有害,还会引起一系列的社会问题。对酒这种精神活性物质作了多维度的评价,描述了形形色色的酒文化现象,探讨了我国酒文化在饮酒及饮酒相关问题发生中的作用。     

现代医学教学理念:比利时基础医学教学分析

比利时是欧洲医学教育的发达国家之一。基础医学教育是整个医学教育中的基石阶段。比利时的基础教育有着浓厚的本国特点。通过从学科融合、教师行为、学生角色及考核方式等多个方面对比利时基础医学教学的优势进行了对比分析,为我国基础医学教育改革提供借鉴和参考。     

Conscious and unconscious forms of memory in different implicit tests

This study investigated how shallow processing (complexity rating), deep processing (pleasantness rating), and semantic generation (translating from English) of Chinese words affects conscious memory (CM) and unconscious memory (UM) of the words with three implicit tests: word association, word identification, and word-stem completion. A metacognition-based dissociation procedure was used to estimate the two forms of memory for each test. Except for the shallow condition preceding the word-association test, all three study conditions produced a positive effect on the estimate of CM. The estimate of UM did not benefit from any of the study conditions in the word-association test, it benefited from the shallow and deep conditions but did not benefit from the generation condition in the stem-completion test, and it benefited from the shallow condition but did not benefit from the deep and generation conditions in the word-identification test. Implications of these results for CM and UM operations are discussed.     

Exploring Master Therapists’ Use of Power in Conversation

Various theoretical approaches to therapy place different emphases on the use of power in therapy. In this study, we explore six master therapists’ use of power via communicational control for theoretical consistency. Results indicate that all therapists, regardless of their stance on power, use the role of therapist to exert power in an initial therapy session. Master therapists, in general, did appear to be theoretically consistent with their stated philosophies of therapy. Suggestions for future studies exploring power therapists have are included.     

开端、裂缝与未来——海德格尔与德里达对"阿那克西曼德之箴言"的双重解读

该文考察了海德格尔与德里达对阿那克西曼德的一条箴言的两种不同解读。海氏从其存在论视野出发,认为该箴言所传达的是古希腊人对于在场与在场者的基本经验。海氏的解读赋予了“聚集”、“嵌合”、“一”以优先性,认为开端处的“裂缝”是消极的、派生的,必须要被克服。但德里达认为海氏的解读错失了另一种本源意义上的“裂缝”。这种“裂缝”不仅不应当被克服,反而应当在开端处就予以保持,如此才能给他者、未来和正义的到来保有一线机会。这两种不同的解读实质上反映了关于开端、历史与未来的两种不同思想。     

论道德能力

道德能力是一个很重要的概念。罗尔斯就把道德能力作为考察和建构现代社会的逻辑起点和价值支点,以此为基础寻求自由和平等的结合方式,安排社会的基本结构。在这里,道德能力不只是一个道德心理学的概念,更是一个道德哲学的概念。其内涵可以概括为三个层面,即合理的价值观、正义感和仁爱心、自主意识和责任感。一、合理的价值观:道德能力的实质罗尔斯把社会理解为一个公平的合作体系,对参与合作的人提出了特定的要求。他认为,合作者必须具备两种基本的道德能力,一是正义感,即一种能够了解、应用并依正义原则行事的能力;二是善观念,即具有一种…     

德国科学哲学的发展与现状——访汉斯·波塞尔教授和李文潮教授

当代科学哲学的发展正处于转型期,传统科学哲学的内在矛盾越来越尖锐,新的科学哲学传统的建立正处于探索之中。在这种背景下,为了全面了解德国科学哲学的研究与发展状况,我们对德国柏林理工大学哲学系的汉斯·波塞尔(Hans Poser)(简称波)教授和德国自由大学哲学系教授、大连理工大学特聘教授李文潮(简称李)先生进行了专访。问:英美科学哲学界普遍认为,科学哲学产生于孔德的实证主义,形成于逻辑经验主义,您是否同意这种说法?波:一般认为科学哲学起源于孔德的实证主义,这是分析哲学的看法,分析哲学的典型特征是坚持经验主义传统,从经验主义中…     

心境对情绪信息加工的影响

该文考察在自然情境和人为诱发的情境下,心境对不同情绪信息加工过程的影响,验证特质一致性假设。采用实验研究和问卷调查相结合的方法,并以SPSS11.5进行数据处理。结果显示,在自然情境下,心境对于情绪信息加工的影响不是很明显;而在人为诱发的情境下,验证了心境一致性效应。     

Multiple pathways from stress to suicidality and the protective effect of social support in Hong Kong adolescents

Two theoretical models were constructed to illustrate how stressful events, family and friends support, depression, substance use, and death attitude mutually influence to create cumulative risks for suicide. The models were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Results showed that suicidality was strongly predicted by death attitude, depression, and substance use which together form a dangerous combination of risk factors at the personal level. Within the adolescent's social environment, stressful events increased suicidality through intensifying depression, substance use, and death acceptance, whereas family and friends support lowered it, partly through reducing stress and death acceptance. The effect (direct and indirect combined) of family support was much stronger than that of friends support. Enhancing stress coping ability, promoting positive family relationships, and attacking attitudes supportive of death might be the best strategies to prevent youth suicide.