4—8岁儿童对部分—整体图形知觉发展的实验研究

本实验使用9张部分和整体各有不同意义的图形研究了98名4—8岁儿童知觉的发展水平和特点。结果表明:1)儿童既知觉部分又知觉整体的能力随年龄而增长,2)儿童知觉部分图形的年龄比知觉整体图形的年龄早,3)8岁儿童大部分可以做到知觉部分又知觉整体;教育条件优越时可以提前到6岁,由此可见儿童部分—整体图形知觉能力的发展水平与教育条件有密切关系。     

脑中风患者记忆障碍的再研究

本文采用临床记忆量表进一步研究了113例脑梗塞或脑出血患者的记忆损害状况。资料表明约50％的病人记忆商数(MQ)在中等水平以下。与正常人比较差异显著。在急性期刚过的条件下人脑出血组的记忆障碍比较脑梗塞组更为严重一些。四项与词语记忆有关的分测验及MQ均以左脑中风组下降明显,以联想学习与图形自由回忆比较明显。记忆下降的程度与脑梗塞或脑出血的体积大小无明显正相关。     

Interpersonal–Psychological Theory,Alexithymia, and Personality Predict Suicide Ideation among Maladjusted Soldiers in Taiwan

This case–control study enrolled 226 maladjusted soldiers and 229 controls to investigate the impact of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide, alexithymia, personality, and childhood trauma on suicide risk among Taiwanese soldiers. Assessments included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Eysenck Personality Inventory, Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and Brief Symptom Rating Scale. In addition to thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, other risks included less extraversion with higher neuroticism, higher alexithymia, poor academic performance, domestic violence, and life‐threatening events. Our study demonstrates the interaction of the interpersonal–psychological theory and other suicide risk factors in Taiwanese soldiers.     

器官病理学的产生及哲学思考

叙述西医病理学的发展过程,分析器官病理学对医学的影响,同时指出机械唯物论的局限性,虽然西医学试图用整体医学思想来弥补自身的不足,但目前距这一目标还有相当长的距离。     

学习障碍者信息加工的ERP研究

ERP技术可以用于学习障碍者信息加工的脑机制研究.但学习障碍的异质性很高,不能笼统地进行概括.本文分别对阅读障碍和数学障碍两个亚型研究进行阐述,并将他们与正常学习者比较,揭示学习障碍者与正常学习者信息加工的脑机制差异.其中,以MMN为指标说明阅读障碍者语音和语义的信息加工,以ERP其它波形分析数学障碍的原因,结果可以为学习障碍的诊断和干预提供理论依据.     

中学生承诺判断的发展特点及友谊和情境因素的影响

本研究采用两难故事情境判断问卷,考察了428名中学生承诺判断的发展特点.结果发现,中学生在不同故事情境下的承诺判断呈现出不同的年级发展趋势.友谊对承诺判断存在影响,整体而言,对好朋友的守诺高于对普通同学的守诺.中学生的承诺判断存在情境差异,承诺对象有无过错和守诺后个人是否有损失两个情境因素共同影响着青少年的承诺判断.     

Suicide and Its Association with Individual,Family, Peer,and School Factors in an Adolescent Population in Southern Taiwan

A representative sample of 10,233 adolescent students was recruited to examine the rate of suicidal attempt and its correlates in the adolescents living in southern Taiwan. Five questions from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Kiddie‐SADS‐E) were used to inquire about the participants' suicidality. The associations between suicidal attempt and multidimensional factors were examined by using logistic regression analysis: 9.1% of the participants reported a suicidal attempt in the preceding year. Female gender, low self‐esteem, weekly alcohol use, illicit drugs use, depression, high family conflict, low maternal education level, poor family function, low connectedness to school, low rank, poor feeling in peer group, and drop out from school were associated with adolescent suicidal attempt. The rate of suicidal attempt was found to be high in Taiwanese adolescents, and multidimensional factors were correlated to adolescent suicidal attempt.     

器官病理学的产生及哲学思考

叙述西医病理学的发展过程,分析器官病理学对医学的影响,同时指出机械唯物论的局限性,虽然西医学试图用整体医学思想来弥补自身的不足,但目前距这一目标还有相当长的距离.     

Transformational Leadership and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: A Moderated Mediation Model of Leader‐Member‐Exchange and Subordinates' Gender

Transformational leadership (TL) enhances follower Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as mediated by leader‐member exchange (LMX). However, the strength of the positive associations among TL, LMX and OCB is subject to significant variability. Accordingly, we draw on several theories (self‐identity, role congruency, self‐concept, and social exchange) to propose that followers' gender moderates the relationships between all three of these variables. We argue differences in societal expectations and/or underlying motivation combine to make leadership of lesser importance to OCB among females than males. Using 202 supervisor‐subordinate dyads from Taiwan, a moderated mediation model of TL‐LMX‐OCB, with subordinate gender as a moderator, was tested. As hypothesised, each of the positive associations among TL, LMX and OCB were weaker for females than for males, thus accounting for some of the variability in the strength of the associations typically observed. Relatedly, although LMX fully mediated the TL‐OCB relationship in the entire sample, this effect was not observed among female subordinates. Further research is required to assess the degree to which these findings apply beyond the Confucian Asian societal cluster.     

Age and gender invariance of self‐concept factor structure: An investigation of a newly developed Chinese self‐concept instrument

A new instrument, the Chinese Adolescent Self‐Esteem Scales (CASES), was developed to measure the self‐concepts of the young people in Hong Kong in seven aspects: social, academic, appearance, moral, family, physical/sport, and general self‐esteem. LISREL procedures were utilized to test the extent of factorial invariance for age and gender based on the responses to CASES of 551 Hong Kong adolescents. It was found that CASES possesses the necessary invariance properties for between‐group measurement in terms of the number and pattern of the underlying factors, item factor loadings, and inter‐factor relations, but not in terms of item uniqueness. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the use of CASES and of empirical support for the equivalence of self‐concept factor structure for age and gender groups for both Western and non‐Western adolescents.