Referent Predictability is Affected by Syntactic Structure: Evidence from Chinese

This paper examines the effect of syntactic structures on referent predictability. Focusing on stimulus-experiencer (SE) verbs, we conducted two sentence-completion experiments in Chinese by contrasting SE verbs in three structures (active canonical, active ba, and passive). The results showed that although verb semantics and discourse coherence relations produce a strong referential biases, the stimulus referent is overall less likely to be rementioned in the active canonical structure than in the other two structures. The findings thus indicate that referent predictability is determined by not only semantic but also syntactic factors. We discuss the theoretical implications for the nature of referent predictability and its relationship with referent accessibility.     

小学生领导力萌芽与发展的实证研究

摘 要 本研究以四年级学生为研究对象,通过话语分析,探究了八个无领导小组八次讨论过程中领导力的萌芽状况及其影响因素。结果发现,小学生可自发出现领导力行为,但只有两个小组会涌现出明显的领导者,并表现为独立领导和协同领导两种不同模式。对学生和教师行为的综合分析显示,学生领导力的形成与教师示范、反馈及同伴互动存在密切关系,这对学生领导力的培养具有重要的启示意义。     

对骨折治疗“优化选择”与“合理选择”的理解和思考

从合理化角度回顾了当前几种重要的骨折治疗理论体系的发展与演变,认为骨折治疗的最优原则是一种理想状态,现实中没有绝对最优只有相对合理。只有建立以患者为中心的思维体系,加强医疗逻辑思维能力,用多维思考的方式寻找矛盾的合理平衡点,始终坚守医学伦理道德底线,才能真正做到为每一位骨折患者进行最合理的治疗。     

华侨与杨羲:"真人之诰"的灵媒考辨

一六朝时期的上清派道教及上清经典的文献历史一直是道教研究的重要课题,而陶弘景编著的《真诰》与杨羲、许谧、许翙等人受降于仙真的手书的文本历史则是上清经典文献历史的核心材料之一。学界一般以杨许手书代称杨     

Landmark use by Clark’s nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana): influence of disorientation and cue rotation on distance and direction estimates

Many species have been shown to encode multiple sources of information to orient. To examine what kinds of information animals use to locate a goal we manipulated cue rotation, cue availability, and inertial orientation when the food-storing Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) was searching for a hidden goal in a circular arena. Three groups of birds were used, each with a different goal–landmark distance. As the distance between the goal and the landmark increased, nutcrackers were less accurate in finding the correct direction to the goal than they were at estimating the distance (Experiment 1). To further examine what cues the birds were using to calculate direction, the featural cues within the environment were rotated by 90° and the birds were either oriented when searching (Experiments 2 and 3) or disoriented (Experiment 3). In Experiment 4, all distinctive visual cues were removed (both internal and external to the environment), a novel point of entry was used and the birds were either oriented or disoriented. We found that disorienting the nutcrackers so that they could not use inertial cues did not influence the birds’ total search error. The birds relied heavily but not completely on cues within the environment, as rotating available cues caused them to systematically shift their search behavior. In addition, the birds also relied to some extent on Earth-based cues. These results show the flexible nature of cue use by the Clark’s nutcracker. Our study shows how multiple sources of spatial information may be important for extracting multiple bearings for navigation.     

Accuracy and stability of metacognitive monitoring: A new measure

An examination of gamma (?; Goodman & Kruskal, 1954) and the Hamann coefficient (HC; see Schraw, 1995) as a measure of feeling-of-knowing (FOK) accuracy in the prediction of subsequent memory performance shows that neither coefficient provides a pure measure of accuracy in 2 (feeling-of-not-knowing and FOK) × 2 (correct and incorrect recognition) cases. γ underestimated accuracy in the m × 2 case with m being an integer larger than 2, producing low and unstable values of γ. In the present study, FOK predictive accuracy is treated as the extent to which the percentage of correct recognition can be increased by an increase from one FOK rank to another. A statistic computing the relative magnitude of the percentage increase to its maximal increase, designated as C, is able to provide a correct estimate of accuracy. Furthermore, the value of C is stable across different portions of FOK data and is free from restricted-/truncated-range and fineness/ coarseness effects.     

简单心算中数学学习困难儿童的数字距离效应

采用事件相关电位(ERP)方法,以阿拉伯数字的简单心算为任务,考察数学学习困难儿童(MD)的数字距离效应。行为数据的结果表明:MD组没有出现数字距离效应,对照组儿童出现了数字距离效应。事件相关电位数据显示:与对照组相比,MD组N270的潜伏期更长;两组被试在N270的波幅和潜伏期上都没有表现出数字距离效应。研究结果表明:MD儿童对数量信息的空间表征存在缺陷。     

“超级女生”的公众心理效应分析

本文试图从公众心理效应的角度分析“超级女生”受如此多海内外中国观众钟爱的原因,以及“超级女生”带给个人和组织在如何利用公众心理效应上的启示。     

Guanxi networks and members' effectiveness in Chinese work teams: Mediating effects of trust networks

The present study examined 33 teams with a total of 206 team members (excluding team leaders) to explore the effects of intrateam guanxi and trust networks on individual effectiveness in Taiwan. Guanxi networks included non-job, departmental and past team networks, while trust networks included affective and cognitive trust networks. Results showed that: (i) guanxi networks could better explain members' effectiveness compared with relational demography, and different guanxi networks had different effects; (ii) the more central an individual's position was in the cognitive trust network, the higher the individual's effectiveness; (iii) the past team guanxi network of a team member displayed a positive effect on the centrality of cognitive trust network, while non-job and departmental guanxi networks showed negative effects; and (iv) the effects of members' guanxi networks on individual effectiveness were mediated by the centrality of trust networks.     

儿童自我延迟满足能力发展的研究

延迟满足是一种心理成熟的表现,专指一种甘愿为更有价值的长远结果而放弃即时满足的抉择取向,以及在等待期中展示的自我控制能力。本文通过论述儿童的自我延迟满足能力的发展的特点以及影响其自我延迟满足能力的发展的因素,探索了如何教育儿童自我延迟满足能力的有效途径,对幼儿健康成长和发展具有一定的指导作用。