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111.
Few empirical efforts have been devoted to differentiating status and power, and thus significant questions remain about differences in how status and power impact social encounters. We conducted 5 studies to address this gap. In particular, these studies tested the prediction that status and power would have opposing effects on justice enacted toward others. In the first 3 studies, we directly compared the effects of status and power on people's enactment of distributive (Study 1) and procedural (Studies 2 and 3) justice. In the last 2 studies, we orthogonally manipulated status and power and examined their main and interactive effects on people's enactment of distributive (Study 4) and procedural (Study 5) justice. As predicted, all 5 studies showed consistent evidence that status is positively associated with justice toward others, while power is negatively associated with justice toward others. The effects of power are moderated, however, by an individual's other orientation (Studies 2, 3, 4, and 5), and the effects of status are moderated by an individual's dispositional concern about status (Study 5). Furthermore, Studies 4 and 5 also demonstrated that status and power interact, such that the positive effect of status on justice emerges when power is low and not when power is high, providing further evidence for differential effects between power and status. Theoretical implications for the literatures on status, power, and distributive/procedural justice are discussed. 相似文献
112.
Holes and wholes: a reply to Rubin and Kanwisher 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L Chen 《Perception & psychophysics》1990,47(1):47-53
This paper, contrary to skepticism about the human ability to perceive topological properties, addresses some commonly heard nontopological counterexplanations and provides evidence to rule out these apparent counterexamples against the topological hypothesis. Data from improved control conditions show that the reason why these counterexamples seem inconsistent with the topological hypothesis is that they fail to take due account of two factors: visibility, and organization other than physical connectedness. 相似文献
113.
苏联心理学界对活动理论的近期讨论 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文综述了近几年来苏联心理学界对A.H.列昂节夫代表的活动理论的讨论情况。其中包括三种意见,一种是支持态度,一种是持较大异议、企图用系统论取而代之的态度,一种是既不完全支持,也不完全否定的态度。从讨论中可以看出,活动理论在苏联仍有很大影响,人们公认列昂节夫是苏联马克思主义心理学奠基者之一,公认他提出的活动理论对建设马克思主义心理学的重要贡献。目前开展的讨论,不是要否定和批判活动理论,而是在爱护、珍惜它的前提下,对它进行补充、修正和发展,使它更加完善。作者认为,这一讨论对我们的主要启示是:一、苏联心理学者在把马克思主义作为建设心理学的方法论基础这一点上,没有根本分歧;二、我国心理学界需要展开一些理论上的争鸣和讨论,需要培养我们自己的理论家;三、必须首先明确“中国心理学的发展究竟走哪条路”的问题,为此应该重视基本理论的建设。 相似文献
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115.
重灌输轻养成、重理论教育轻行为训练是青少年道德建设成效不高的重要原因,而养成训练则被证明是未成年公民道德素质生成的有效路径.这是由品德生成的客观规律、未成年人身心发展的特点以及体验教育、实践育人的任务决定的.要切实提高道德行为习惯养成的实际效果,德目指标应易记易循,行为准则须明确具体;活动方案设计应贴紧未成年人实际,训练活动要注重可操作性,强化情感体验环节,抓好"小处"、"小事",注意训练活动的持续性和家校(园)之间的良性互动,不断巩固养成成果.实践证明,从基本道德行为习惯养成训练入手正是促进未成年人道德建设取得实效的关键所在. 相似文献
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117.
In the present study, the authors examined the contributions of cultural beliefs about the etiology of mental illness to the seeking of help from mental health professionals among college students in 4 cultural groups, European Americans, Chinese Americans, Hong Kong Chinese, and Mainland Chinese. Group differences were found in help-seeking history and likelihood, with European and Chinese Americans being more likely to seek help than Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese. Multiple-group path analysis showed that lay beliefs about causes of mental illness and prior help-seeking history significantly predicted help-seeking likelihood, which was related positively to environmental/hereditary causes but negatively to social-personal causes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of understanding help-seeking patterns within specific cultural contexts and the effects of Western influences on shaping help-seeking propensities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
118.
Mandy Chen Charlotte Johnston Lisa Sheeber Craig Leve 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(1):119-130
This study examined whether negative parental attributions for adolescent behaviour mediate the association between parental
and adolescent depressive symptoms, and whether this relationship is moderated by adolescent gender. Mothers and fathers and
124 adolescents (76 girls and 48 boys; ages 14 to 18) participated. Adolescents were primarily Caucasian, and varied in the
level of depressive symptoms (with 27% of the sample meeting diagnostic criteria for a current unipolar depressive disorder).
Parents and adolescents completed measures of depressive symptoms, and participated in a videotaped problem-solving discussion.
After the discussion, each parent watched the videotape and, at 20 s intervals, offered attributions for their adolescent’s
behaviour. Adolescent gender moderated the relation between parental attributions and adolescent depressive symptoms, with
stronger associations for female adolescents. For both mothers and fathers, both parental depressive symptoms and negative
attributions about the adolescent’s behaviour made unique contributions to the prediction of depressive symptoms in adolescent
females. There also was evidence that negative attributions partially mediated the link between depressive symptoms in mothers
and adolescent daughters. The results are interpreted as consistent with parenting as a partial mediator between parental
and adolescent depressive symptoms, and suggest that adolescent girls may be particularly sensitive to parents’ negative interpretations
of their behaviour. 相似文献
119.
120.
刺激-效应的统一模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过对某些神经生理学实验结果的分析,从人体感受器官能够经受信号强度的巨大变化出发,建立了反映刺激τ和效应E一般关系的效应方程E=Blog(1+τ)。式中系数B为与效应E同量纲或性质的条件恒量。 值得注意的是,效应方程把心理学领域中许多不相关的经验定律用统一的模型联系起来。例如,从效应方程出发,能够推出实验心理学中的遗忘定律、海曼公式,心理物理学中的费希纳定律、韦伯定律、费瑞—帕特定律和格拉涅-哈帕公式等。 此外,对遗忘定律进行了修正,使其能适用于0≤t<1的时间范围,从而变得较全面。对费希纳定律也作了类似的修正,避免了出现负的感觉,并从不同角度阐述了效应E与感觉S的某些性质。对格拉涅-哈帕公式则作了较前更为合理的解释。 在推导关于闪光融合频率的费瑞-帕特定律时,得出一条影响中枢神经处理信息的速度和精度的规律。 作为这一模型的直接验证,可以从前人所作的一些实验数据分析中得出。本文举的例子为鲎鱼单根神经的实验;在另文里将举出反应时间依赖于刺激强度的另一个实例。 相似文献