企业员工工作压力与应付方式的研究

研究表明应付方式问卷中的幻想与工作压力问卷中的工作兴趣有显著的相关,而与合理化有非常显著的相关。外显性焦虑量表与应付方式量表中的解决问题、自责、求助、幻想和退避因子有非常显著的相关,与合理化有显著的相关;而与上工作压力量表上的三个维度只有弱相关。     

初中生元认知阅读策略训练效应的实验研究

采用对比实验的方法,运用自编的元认知阅读策略训练教程对重点中学和普通中学的初二学生进行了训练。结果表明:(1)对初中生进行元认知阅读策略训练能有效地提高其阅读理解成绩;(2)对普通中学初中生进行元认知阅读策略训练的效果优于对重点中学初中生进行训练的效果。     

时间变量对大学新生人格特质的影响

以台湾地区某大学新生,从1998至2003共六届3141人为对象,分析人格改变情形,统计结果发现13项人格特质的赖氏人格量表中达显著差异的有6项,包括社会外向、攻击性、变异性、神经质、自卑感及虚伪性。性别分析达显著差异的共7项,包括活动性、客观性、协调性、攻击性、变异性、自卑感及神经质;男学生显著高于女学生的有活动性及攻击性,女学生显著高于男学生的有客观性、协调性、变异性、自卑感及神经质。结果显示在时间变量中,大学新生的人格的确发生了转变。     

阅读材料类型和难度对五年级儿童阅读策略的影响

以34名五年级儿童为被试,采用出声思维法考查了阅读材料类型和难度对儿童阅读策略使用情况的影响。结果发现,被试在记叙文阅读过程中使用的阅读策略种类数和总次数均多于说明文。阅读材料难度对于阅读策略种类数和使用次数没有影响。阅读材料类型和难度都对多个阅读策略的使用次数有影响,但是阅读材料类型和难度对于各阅读策略使用次数的影响并不一致。     

电子地图导航中用户空间定向认知过程机制的研究

通过对33名大学生被试进行研究,考察在电子地图导航系统中四种条件下被试判断方位的反应时的差异,探讨电子地图导航中用户空间定向认知过程的时间模型。结果发现,这四种实验条件下的反应时两两之间存在显著差异,由于这四种条件分别代表用户判断方位时四种所需的认知环节的组合方式,故而证实了电子地图导航中用户空间定向认知过程的时间模型,即：用户方位判断＝心理旋转＋目标搜索＋方位定向。     

品牌个性与消费者自我概念的一致性及其对品牌忠诚的影响

品牌个性与消费者自概念的一致性是指消费者在进行品牌选择时,倾向于选择那些品牌个性与其自我概念一致的品牌。品牌个性与自我概念的一致性对消费者的品牌忠诚具有积极的影响。许多研究都证实了这一点。本文主要对品牌个性与消费者自我概念的一致性对品牌偏好的影响做了简要的概述,对并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Learning to map: strategy discovery and strategy change in young children

A series of microgenetic experiments was conducted to examine the role of experience on 2.5- to 5-year-old children's discovery of spatial mapping strategies. With experience, 3- to 4-year-olds discovered a strategy for mapping corresponding locations that shared both featural and spatial similarities. When featural and spatial correspondences were placed in conflict, requiring children to negotiate both object-centered and location-centered mapping possibilities, 4- to 5-year-olds proved capable of discovering a novel mapping strategy, abandoning an ineffective strategy, and generalizing the acquired strategy across analogous tasks. Upon examining the mechanisms underlying developmental differences in strategy discovery and strategy change, the author observed that 3 key components contributed to the children's spatial mapping skills: encoding locations within each space, noticing a potential analogy between spaces, and detecting precise mapping correspondences.     

Causal attribution for interfirm contract violation: a comparative study of Chinese and American commercial arbitrators

In this study, the authors examined differences between Chinese and American commercial arbitrators. They predicted and found that Chinese arbitrators make higher awards for interfirm contract violations than Americans. This difference is partially explained by differences in attributions. Prior theory suggests, and the authors found, that the Chinese tend to have more internal attributions for events when observing group actions. When evidence provided to arbitrators is mixed (evidence is provided for both internal and external attributions), Chinese-American differences in awards become even stronger.     

Standing balance of children with developmental coordination disorder under altered sensory conditions

Maintenance of standing balance requires that sensory inputs be organized with the motor system. Current data regarding the influence of sensory inputs on standing balance in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are limited. This study compared the influence of sensory organization and each sensory input on the standing stability between a group of 20 children, 4-6 years old, with DCD and an age- and gender-matched control group of 20 children. Three types of visual inputs (eyes open, eyes closed, or unreliable vision) and two types of somatosensory inputs (fixed or compliant foot support) were varied factorially to yield six sensory conditions. Standing stability was measured with a Kistler force plate for 30s and expressed as the center of pressure sway area. The results showed that the standing stability of the children with DCD was significantly poorer than that of the control children under all sensory conditions, especially when the somatosensory input was unreliable (compliant foot support) compared to when it was reliable (fixed foot support). The effectiveness of an individual sensory system, when it was the dominant source of sensory input, did not significantly differ between the groups. The results suggest that children with DCD experience more difficulty coping with altered sensory inputs, and that such difficulty is more likely due to a deficit in sensory organization rather than compromised effectiveness of individual sensory systems.