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Modelling, reasoning and verifying complex situations involving a system of agents is crucial in all phases of the development of a number of safety-critical systems. In particular, it is of fundamental importance to have tools and techniques to reason about the doxastic and epistemic states of agents, to make sure that the agents behave as intended. In this paper we introduce a computationally grounded logic called COGWED and we present two types of semantics that support a range of practical situations. We provide model checking algorithms, complexity characterisations and a prototype implementation. We validate our proposal against a case study from the avionic domain: we assess and verify the situational awareness of pilots flying an aircraft with several automated components in off-nominal conditions. 相似文献
243.
Chieh‐Chen Bowen Janet K. Swim Rick R. Jacobs 《Journal of applied social psychology》2000,30(10):2194-2215
This study examined gender bias on job performance in work settings where confounding variables (e. g., organizational level, experience, education) were cautiously taken into consideration to ensure fair comparisons. Although previous meta‐analyses examined gender biases on evaluations, findings in tightly controlled laboratory environments may differ from those in highly complicated field studies. We found little evidence of overall gender bias in performance appraisals in nonconfounded field studies. However, there were significant pro‐male biases when only men served as raters. Measure‐specific gender stereotypicality, instead of genera! stereotypicality about the job, produced gender bias in performance appraisal. Masculine measures produced pro‐male bias, and feminine measures produced pro‐female bias. 相似文献
244.
无效治疗--医者的困扰 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
关于无效治疗的争论越来越受到社会各方面的重视,但由于各自的利益和出发点不同,社会各方对无效治疗的观察角度和侧重点不同。从医务工作者的角度,就无效治疗的概念、判定及无效治疗实施过程中的利益冲突和解决对策进行讨论。 相似文献
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246.
Wing Tung Au Xiao-Ping Chen S.S Komorita 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1998,75(3):274-293
A public good (PG) is a commodity or service made available to all members of a group: its provision depends on the voluntary contribution of its members. Once provided, all members can enjoy the benefits of the PG, regardless of whether they contributed or not; hence, there is a temptation to “free-ride” in the hope that others will contribute. Rapoport (1987) showed that an important factor that affects cooperation (contribution) in a PG dilemma is the extent to which a group member is critical in providing it. Erev and Rapoport (1990) tested a game-theoretic model that yields deterministic predictions about the effects of criticality on cooperation in public good dilemmas. Based on research by Chen, Au, and Komorita (1996), we propose a probabilistic model of criticality. The model is tested and found to fit empirical data. Extensions of the model to situations with uncertain group size or provision point are discussed. 相似文献
247.
中国癌症病人生活质量的测定──EORTC QLQ—C30在中国的试用 总被引:81,自引:1,他引:80
引进EORTCQLQ-C30,验证其在中国大陆的应用情况,为中国肿瘤学领域生活质量研究提供有效和实用的评定工具.运用随机对照实验设计,测查了289名癌症病人,结果显示各分量表中项目与所属量表的相关均高于与其他量表的相关,各分量表间呈中等偏下相关,量表因子结构分析与EORTC结果大体相似,三种方法检验的临床效度均较高.由此得出QLQ-C30各项心理测量学特性均达到要求,临床效度和实用性也比较好,在中国大陆的癌症病人中是可行的、可信的、有效的和敏感的. 相似文献
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The present study compares thought patterns, perceptions of interaction (perceived interaction smoothness and interaction involvement), and conversation orientation of U.S. students (N = 60) in dyadic interaction with a partner who is either another American or a non‐American nonnative speaker of English. As hypothesized, U.S. participants with nonnative‐speaking partners perceived interaction as more difficult, or less smooth, than did their counterparts with native‐speaking partners. U.S. participants with nonnative‐speaking partners also displayed different thought patterns, having more thoughts showing confusion, as well as more thoughts focused on the partner and less on the content of the ongoing conversation, than those with fellow native‐speaking partners. U.S. participants with a nonnative‐speaking partner also exhibited a different conversation orientation pattern, focusing more on understanding of the other's message, less on clarifying their own message, and less on displaying their own involvement. Specific thought categories and perceived interaction smoothness were correlated with conversation orientation indices for participants in interactions between native and nonnative speakers. Finally, interaction involvement was found to contribute most to variation in perceived interaction smoothness for both U.S. and non‐U.S. participants in interactions between native and nonnative speakers. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
250.
授箓仪规是道教正一派的重要礼仪之一,箓牒是正一派道士的凭证,箓牒代表着道士道行之高下,道法之精拙,道位之尊卑。更为重要的是通过授箓能够坚定信仰,纯正道风。 相似文献