试论清代易学转型中的图学批判与汉学复萌

清初图学批判运动与乾嘉汉学复萌之间相隔数十年,两者在批判宋代以先天、河洛为代表的图书易学上秉持一致态度,但在对治《易》正途的理解上,前者认为当效法王弼、程颐之易学,以义理研习为务;而后者则高扬“汉学”大旗,力主恢复两汉象数易学的传统。因此,图学批判运动实与“汉学”无涉,清代易学中之“汉学”范畴理当适度缩减,将其起点延后至惠栋。“汉宋之争”说和“两派六宗”说分别将两汉象数易与宋代图书易、义理易与象数易相对立,然而两说均无法在二分法中合理安置象数易学、义理易学与图书易学的位次及关系。以象数、义理、图书三分,可以成为对历史上易学类型划分的修正方案。     

从地藏造像的组合看其与西方净土信仰的关系

隋唐时期中国佛教空前兴盛并日益世俗化,佛教信仰广泛地影响民众的日常生活.在中国的佛菩萨信仰中,不同的神灵司职不同的领域,由于民众所遇到的生活事物不同,大都会从个人的自身利益出发去信仰某一神灵,这种信仰的流行往往也伴随着造像的产生.有时不同佛菩萨共同出现的组合,更能得到大众普遍的崇敬与膜拜,因此在民间信仰生活中,许多是以多尊像同时出现的形式来表达对神灵的祈求.本文即以地藏菩萨像为主轴,通过对石窟造像的组合形式、题记和相关文献的研究,说明地藏菩萨与西方净土信仰的关系.     

六朝蒋子文信仰探微

蒋子文信仰是六朝时期盛行于今南京及其附近地区的一种巫觋鬼神信仰。其信仰兴起的时间当在公元211年或219年,其形成的关键原因在于孙权迎合江东民众普遍信仰的“江东化”宗教政策。     

The Advanced Programmer's Reliance on Program Semantics: Evidence from some Cognitive Tasks

This study examined the effects of programming expertise on the semantic processing of computer programs. Experiment 1 showed that sensitivity to semantic changes (i.e. changes of actual program functions) in a BASIC program recognition task increased with programming experience. No such pattern was observed for surface changes (i.e. changes of program syntax without functional alterations). The magnitude of semantic priming for BASIC keywords in a lexical decision task also increased with expertise, but the pattern was not found with normal English priming. In Experiment 2, novice BASIC programmers detected more semantic changes than the controls (non-programmers) in BASIC programs; the reverse was found for surface changes. Both the controls and the novices detected more semantic than surface changes in English passages. The BASIC priming effect was found only with the novices whereas English priming was demonstrated with both the control and the novice participants. The present findings support the view that the programming expert relies particularly on semantic processing and such reliance is specific to programming activities. Practical implications of the present results are discussed.     

人文主义与科学主义在中医现代化研究中的冲突

因中医学的核心概念未能获得现代科学意义上的实证,所以有人提出科学主义应当从中医学研究中退出,取而代之的应当是人文主义。     

神经症患者的人格特征与父母教养方式的关系

本文采用父母教养方式评价量表 (EMBU)和艾森克人格问卷 (EPQ)对 40名住院神经症患者进行了测查 ,结果发现艾森克人格问卷所测查的四种人格维度 E(内、外向 )、L (掩饰或社会性幼稚水平 )、N(神经质 )和 P(精神质或倔强、讲求实际 )得分分别与不良的父母教养方式如严厉惩罚、过度干涉和过分保护、拒绝与否认以及偏爱被试等因子分呈显著的相关关系。     

Therapeutic Document in Group Counseling: An Active Change Agent

In this article, the authors provide a therapeutic document model using language as an active change agent. The practice of the therapeutic letter has demonstrated substantial power in narrative therapy to foster client change. No literature, however, has applied this construct in group counseling. Grounded in social constructionism, re-authoring therapy and the power of written language, this model transforms the usually time-consuming and frequently nontherapeutic client documentation into a functional intervention. As a competency-based intervention, this model provides counselors with principles and procedures to enhance clients' self-agency and expedite the change process in group counseling.     

Neurological soft signs in obsessive compulsive disorder: standardised assessment and comparison with schizophrenia

While several studies have detected raised levels of neurological soft signs in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the specificity of these abnormalities remains uncertain. This study used a new standardised measure, the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI), to assess soft signs in 51 subjects with OCD. Comparison was made with data on patients with schizophrenia and a non-clinical control group from a previously reported study. Individuals with OCD showed raised levels of soft signs compared with non-clinical controls in many categories of the CNI: Motor Coordination, Sensory Integration, Primitive Reflexes, Extrapyramidal Signs, and Failure of Suppression. Compared with patients with schizophrenia, the OCD group had lower levels of neurological signs in some CNI categories: Hard Signs, Motor Co-ordination, Tardive Dyskinesia, Catatonic Signs, and Extrapyramidal Signs. However, levels of soft signs in the OCD group did not significantly differ from those in the schizophrenia group in other CNI categories: Sensory Integration, Primitive Reflexes and Failure of Suppression. The significance of these patterns of findings is discussed.     

授权的测量及其与员工工作态度的关系

首先，对Spreitzer的授权量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验，3家企业395份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明，授权量表具有较好的效度和信度；20家企业942份调查问卷的验证性因素分析和内部一致性分析进一步验证了授权量表的效度和信度，这表明Spreitzer的授权四维模型在中国得到了验证，其编制的授权量表在中国具有较强的适用性。然后，利用20家企业942份调查问卷的结果，采用结构方程模型技术对授权与员工满意度、组织承诺、离职意向与工作倦怠等员工工作态度变量之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析，结果表明，工作意义对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响，对离职意向与工作倦怠有负向的影响；自主性对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响；自我效能对组织承诺有正向的影响