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131.
John Archer 《Current Psychology》1986,5(1):48-61
The implications of sociobiology for comparative psychology are discussed. First, the following preliminary topics are considered:
(a) the historical origins of sociobiology, and (b) the general criticisms leveled at this field. Second, the characteristics
of the evolutionary functional approach to animal behavior are outlined: (a) the individual focus of natural selection, with
its associated implications for the evolution of altruism, and (b) the use of mathematical models, notably optimality and
games theory models. Third, it is suggested that the evolutionary functional approach can enrich the study of comparative
psychology in the following ways: (a) by providing a broad framework for interspecific comparisons based on the principle
of natural selection, and (b) by aiding the study of motivation and learning mechanisms through focusing attention on the
function of such mechanisms. 相似文献
132.
Brief presentations of letter arrays were probed by bar markers within or outside the fovea after various time delays. Figural
information presented to the foveal region was retained better under a photopic condition than information in the parafoveal
region, but under a scotopic condition parafoveal information demonstrated superior retention. However, decay rates over time
of all functions were similar, demonstrating that figural information in the rods and cones decays at similar rates. 相似文献
133.
John E. Douglas Robert K. Ressler Ann W. Burgess Carol R. Hartman 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1986,4(4):401-421
Since the 1970s, investigative profilers at the FBI's Behavioral Science Unit (now part of the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime) have been assisting local, state, and federal agencies in narrowing investigations by providing criminal personality profiles. An attempt is now being made to describe this criminal-profile-generating process. A series of five overlapping stages lead to the sixth stage, or the goal of apprehension of the offender: (1) profiling inputs, (2) decision-process models, (3) crime assessment, (4) the criminal profile, (5) investigation, and (6) apprehension. Two key feedback filters in the process are: (a) achieving congruence with the evidence, with decision models, and with investigation recommendations, and (b) the addition of new evidence. 相似文献
134.
John R. Hurley Ph.D. 《Group》1986,10(3):161-176
Early and late in 18 2-day solo-led psychodynamic groups for mental health professionals, 185 participants rated their own behavior and each other's on composite measures of Acceptance versus Rejection of Self (ARS) and of Others (ARO). Only on ARO were leaders consistently rated more favorably than members. Considered by group units, members' mean ratings of peers made modest but significant early-to-late advances on both measures. About two-thirds of all intergroup differences in members' net shifts were separately predictable from ratings of leaders by self and also by pooled group members each time. Groups' ARO shifts were best predicted by members' ratings of leaders toward Warm versus Cold. Leader self-ratings toward Accepts others versus Rejects others best predicted groups' ARS shifts. Featuring interpersonal behavior's two principal dimensions and bridging the common split between studies of group outcome versus group processes, these findings generally support Roger's (1959) theory of personality change. 相似文献
135.
苏联心理学界对活动理论的近期讨论 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文综述了近几年来苏联心理学界对A.H.列昂节夫代表的活动理论的讨论情况。其中包括三种意见,一种是支持态度,一种是持较大异议、企图用系统论取而代之的态度,一种是既不完全支持,也不完全否定的态度。从讨论中可以看出,活动理论在苏联仍有很大影响,人们公认列昂节夫是苏联马克思主义心理学奠基者之一,公认他提出的活动理论对建设马克思主义心理学的重要贡献。目前开展的讨论,不是要否定和批判活动理论,而是在爱护、珍惜它的前提下,对它进行补充、修正和发展,使它更加完善。作者认为,这一讨论对我们的主要启示是:一、苏联心理学者在把马克思主义作为建设心理学的方法论基础这一点上,没有根本分歧;二、我国心理学界需要展开一些理论上的争鸣和讨论,需要培养我们自己的理论家;三、必须首先明确“中国心理学的发展究竟走哪条路”的问题,为此应该重视基本理论的建设。 相似文献
136.
Homosexuals, bisexuals, and heterosexuals were compared on self-reported love preferences and ideals. In general, the three groups tended to agree on ideal characteristics of love objects, love relationships, and love related beliefs. Nevertheless, the groups differed significantly on preferences and beliefs related to love-object sex, residential proximity, ethnic background, physical intimacy, freedom from feelings of jealousy, sexual fidelity, emotional intimacy, and the importance of religious or legal acknowledgment.An early version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Family Relations, in San Francisco, October 1984, Journal Series No. 2973 of the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. 相似文献
137.
138.
This article describes some essential computer skills needed by psychology students seeking careers in business. It is suggested that students become familiar with computer software packages in the following areas: statistical analyses, wordprocessing, spreadsheets, data base managers, and graphics. Discussion is provided.Paper presented at the 57th Annual Convention of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, Illinois, May 1–3, 1985. 相似文献
139.
Christie B. Gardiner Margaret M. Beaumont J. Graham Eason Ken Davidoff Jules B. Richardson John T. E. Messer David Newstead Steve 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1986,5(2):205-216
Current Psychology - 相似文献
140.