Understanding depressed mood in the context of a family-oriented culture

This study examined the contribution of individual and family variables to depressive symptoms among youths in a family-centered culture. Participants were 262 Mexican adolescents (mean age = 15.9 years). At the individual level, gender (being female) and higher levels of perceived stressfulness of life events and ruminative coping style were correlated with higher frequency of depressive symptoms. At the family level, higher levels of perceived parental warmth and acceptance and parental monitoring were correlated with lower levels of depressed mood, whereas higher levels of parent-adolescent conflict were associated with greater frequency of depressive symptoms. Regression analyses confirmed our prediction that both individual factors (gender, ruminative coping) and family factors (parental warmth and parental monitoring) would make unique contributions to depressive symptoms. The model comprised of individual and family variables accounted for 50% of the variance in depressed mood. Moreover, parental warmth and acceptance attenuated the impact of ruminative coping style on adolescents' depressive symptomatology. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research on adolescents in another family-centered culture (China), and directions for future research are proposed.     

疾病的进化论解释：——读《我们为什么生病》

现代医学重在对疾病的近因研究,而疾病的进化史原因,像机体设计上的缺陷,遗传基因与新环境因素的冲突,进化过程中病原同宿主的竞争等,却几乎完全被忽视。事实上,人类机体在漫长的进化过程中,每获得一种益处,几乎都要付出相应的代价,这就是相关的疾病。达尔文医学的新科学,这部全新视野的著作,全面地向人们展示了疾病的进化论解释,并正在创造其学术范式迥然不同的医学科学新领域。     

谈生理功能的整体调节方式

面对生理学整体水平研究的挑战,应研究生理功能整体调节方式。这一调节方式的基础是神经内分泌免疫网络,它的特征是依照个体特点的分型。讨论其混沌特性,研究方法及医学的影响。     

进化,从自然主义到自由主义

生物进化体现了生物世界从简单到复杂,从低级到高级的普遍现象,整个进化史可以人类社会出现的界划发为自然状态的进化和人类智慧,意志指导下逐渐展开的人工进化或自由进化,人类的进步必须要和自然环境和谐发展科学必将吸取系统论,理性论和人文精神而成为人类迈向自由地的有力武器。     

当代社会心理学发展的双重走向论评

本文以社会心理研究的不同学科取向、文化取向和方法论取向做为三条主要线索,对当代社会心理学发展的多元化道路和整合社会心理学的努力进行了分析评价。认为社会心理学发展的多元化道路主要是由于社会心理的多质性和社会心理学的边缘学科性质所决定的,社今心理学发展过程中的整合努力则主要是由于社会心理的整体性和社会心理学的学科统一性所决定的。分化与整合作为当代社会心理学研究和发展的一对予盾统一体,伴随了社会心理学发展的百年进程,推动着当代社会心理学新的发展。     

人格因素与抑郁症

本文综述了人格因素与抑郁症之间关系的许多研究,阐述了几种人格维度、人格特质与抑郁症的发病、症状、过程、及治疗反应之间复杂的关系,并指出了以往研究中的不足之处及将来的研究方向。     

行为科学在中国的回顾与前瞻——为悼念孙友余同志而作

过去因孙友余同志的倡导 ,行为科学曾在中国 80年代盛极一时 ,对管理实践与理论研究 ,都作出了许多成绩 ,并且成立了全国的行为科学学会 ,办了几期厂长经理的培训班 ,为我国的管理工作的科学化成为一种推动作用。后孙友余同志因病离职 ,行为科学学会名存实亡 ,现在已无全国的学会组织。因为下一世纪进入转型时期 ,行为科学在知识经济中的地位更加重要 ,因而提出恢复全国行为科学学会以开展工作 ,兼以此纪念孙友余同志的逝世。     

Uniform connectedness and classical Gestalt principles of perceptual grouping.

We assessed whether uniform connectedness (UC; Palmer & Rock, 1994) operates prior to effects reflecting classical principles of grouping: proximity and similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2, reaction times to discriminate global letters (H vs. E), made up of small circles, were recorded. The small circles were respectively grouped by proximity, similarity of shapes, and by UC. The discrimination of stimuli grouped by similarity was slower than those grouped by proximity, and it was speeded up by the addition of UC. However, the discrimination of stimuli grouped by proximity was unaffected by connecting the local elements. In Experiment 3, similar results occurred in a task requiring discrimination of the orientation of grouped elements, except that the discrimination of stimuli grouped by UC was faster than that of those grouped by weak proximity. Experiment 4 further showed that subjects could respond to letters composed of discriminably separate local elements as fast as to those without separated local elements. The results suggest that grouping by similarity of shapes is perceived slower than grouping by UC, but grouping by proximity can be as fast and efficient as that by UC.     

病人自主权及其保障条件

病人自主权是病人的基本人权之一,是保障其生存权与健康权的基本条件,也是医学人道主义的重要内容。同时,在医疗活动的权力制衡中,代表病人权利的权力是必不可少的要素之一。因此,病人自主权必须受到充分的尊重。病人自主权要想得到充分的保障,必须以全民的权利意识觉醒为条件,以完善的法制与法治为保障,并要符合健康目的,遵从科学规律。     

掩蔽刺激的空间参考框架对视觉表象旋转的影响

本实验通过将具有参考框架信息的前置刺激改为掩蔽刺激,进一步探讨参考框架的变化和表象旋转的过程。结果表明：１、因掩蔽刺激而引起的主观参考框架的产生是瞬间完成的,而不是由原先直立的参考框架经过连续旋转后形成的。２、显示了倾斜字母的加工不完全是整体表象的线性旋转过程,而可能是整字一成分的混合加工过程。