虚拟学习有效性的影响因素研究

本研究以68名参加过国际远程合作课程的MBA学员为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法对虚拟条件下学习有效性的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：学员特点、效能感、对虚拟学习的态度、技术可靠性、媒体丰富性、虚拟团队支持和虚拟学习有效性不同程度地存在显著相关;回归分析显示,对虚拟学习的态度是虚拟学习有效性的一个重要影响因素,另外,一般自我效能感会对课程有效性产生影响．而技术效能感对总体有效性有影响;虚拟团队的学习环境支持对虚拟有效性产生影响。     

技能学习与重复启动基本机制问题的探讨

关于技能学习与重复启动的基本机制问题在学术界存有很大的争议．对其进行探讨将会对从整体上考察程序性记忆的性质产生重要的影响。此文主要从函数形式、相关性和增减模式的理论分析,数字输入任务的计算模型．程序性记忆和学习的观点几个方面探讨了有关问题,说明技能学习与重复启动是程序性记忆的不同表现形式,它们有着相同的基本机制。     

Impact of background characteristics and gender–role attitudes on Chinese perceptions of selection criteria in employment

A random sample of 699 (327 men and 372 women) currently employed Chinese subjects participated in a study that examined their perceptions of common selection criteria in employment. Results of factor analysis showed that various selection criteria could be grouped under four underlying factors. In general, participants rated the Psychological Attribute factor as the most important criterion, followed closely by the Experience and Skill factor, and viewed the Physical Attribute and Demographic factors as the least important. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that participants'gender–role attitudes, especially those towards men's and women's roles in education, marriage and social interactions, were the most salient predictors of their perceptions towards the selection criteria. This remained true even after controlling for participants' background characteristics. Participants' gender, age and educational attainment were also predictive of their appraisal of various selection criteria in employment.     

如何正确对待西方"马克思学"?——以西方"马克思学"文本学成果在中国的接受为例

MEGA版的<马克思恩格斯全集>和西方"马克思学"都是在上世纪七八十年代进入中国并为学界所关注的.近些年来,随着对马克思恩格斯文本关注的持续升温,国内学界对待MEGA版及西方"马克思学"的态度出现了一些新的变化,并逐渐形成了三种较为典型的倾向:一种是仍旧漠视西方"马克思学"和MEGA的研究成果,闭门造车;一种是携洋自重,只重文献而忽视了理论的自省,对二者不加区别;另一种则是学界在对待MEGA版及西方"马克思学"问题上的正确立场、态度.对这三种倾向态度的分析有利于我们正确地对待西方"马克思学"及其研究成果.     

中学生学业自我妨碍的影响因素研究

该研究以972名中学生为被试,采用问卷调查法,考察成就目标定向、学业自我效能感、焦虑、抑郁对中学生学业自我妨碍的影响.结果表明:掌握回避目标、成绩接近目标、成绩回避目标、焦虑、抑郁对学业自我妨碍有显著的正向预测作用;掌握接近目标和行为效能对学业自我妨碍有显著的负向预测作用.     

测验方式对内隐规则提取的影响

研究以异或规则为实验材料,在弱化相邻组块和样例相似性的条件下,采用单因素(测验任务:分类测验、再认测验和预测测验)的实验设计探讨内隐知识的内容以及测验方式对内隐规则提取的影响.结果表明:(1)异或规则的内隐学习效应发生;(2)内隐规则的提取不受测验方式的影响,在内隐规则的提取时表现出一定的稳定性和抗干扰性.     

Solving the Dilemma: Family Communication About Organ Donation Among Chinese,Japanese, and Caucasian American College Students1

This study surveyed 800 students in the United States, Hong Kong, and Japan to determine associations between the components of the theory of reasoned action and early communication about organ‐donation decisions within the family. Results showed that among the 3 ethnic groups, Japanese students reported the least favorable attitudes and subjective norms about organ donation and were also the least likely to discuss this topic with their families. Moreover, the moderating effect of ethnicity indicated that attitudes were a significant factor of family discussion among American and Japanese students but not among Chinese students. Subjective norms were more predictive of family discussion among Chinese students than among American and Japanese students.     

Gray matter and intelligence factors: Is there a neuro-g?

Heterogeneous results among neuro-imaging studies using psychometric intelligence measures may result from the variety of tests used. The g-factor may provide a common metric across studies. Here we derived a g-factor from a battery of eight cognitive tests completed by 6929 young adults, 40 of whom also completed structural MRI scans. Regional gray matter (GM) was determined using voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) and correlated to g-scores. Results showed correlations distributed throughout the brain, but there was limited overlap with brain areas identified in a similar study that used a different battery of tests to derive g-scores. Comparable spatial scores (with g variance removed) also were derived from both batteries, and there was considerable overlap in brain areas where GM was correlated to the respective spatial scores. The results indicate that g-scores derived from different test batteries do not necessarily have equivalent neuro-anatomical substrates, suggesting that identifying a “neuro-g” will be difficult. The neuro-anatomical substrate of a spatial factor, however, appears more consistent and implicates a distributed network of brain areas that may be involved with spatial ability. Future imaging studies directed at identifying the neural basis of intelligence may benefit from using a psychometric test battery chosen with specific criteria.     

论佛教逻辑中推论前提的真实性问题

本文将陈那、法称因明与西方传统的三段论相比较,指出佛教逻辑从推论前提是否为真的角度来建立推论的基本规则即因三相;西方传统的三段论从形式是否有效的角度来建立推论的一般规则,这反映了佛教逻辑与西方逻辑的根本差异。本文首先指出佛教逻辑中的典型谬误即似因并非形式谬误,其致误之由在于前提为假。佛教逻辑从实质的角度来探讨有效性,不同于西方逻辑形式有效性的概念。佛教逻辑所说的推论其实都是论证。推论前提的真在何种程度上得到因三相的保证,又因陈那、法称因三相的不同而有区别。陈那的因后二相由于除宗有法的限制,只是前提为真的一种例证,其推论并非演绎;法称的因三相则全面保证了前提的真,其推论达到了演绎。法称恰恰是通过剖析推论前提为真的知识论基础从而改造了陈那因明,这体现了佛教逻辑的知识论性格。实际上,佛教逻辑关注前提的真,这已经预示了它在历史的发展中向佛教知识论（量论）的必然转化。