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391.
Wills Andy J. Edmunds Charlotte E. R. Le Pelley Mike E. Milton Fraser Newell Ben R. Dwyer Dominic M. Shanks David R. 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2019,26(6):1988-1993
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Smith and Church (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25, 1565–1584 2018) present a “testimonial” review of dissociable learning processes... 相似文献
392.
393.
394.
Alm C 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2007,48(6):519-527
The hypothesis that shyness would be associated with attribution of emotional reactions to stable internal causes rather than to less stable internal and external causes was tested in Study 1 (N = 60). In Study 2 (N= 112) the hypothesis that the explanatory power of shyness would decrease once the effect of self-focused attention on attribution to stable internal causes had been controlled for was tested. The results confirmed both hypotheses. Shyness correlated positively with attribution to stable internal causes, but non-significant with attribution to less stable internal and external causes. Shyness explained a lesser portion of the variance in attribution to both of the internal causes when controlling for self-focus. Even though the findings indicate that self-focus is central to the social cognitive processes of shy individuals, they also suggest that self-focus cannot fully explain attribution to internal causes in general and shy individuals' attributional pattern in particular. 相似文献
395.
This study explores the social impact of ADHD, with and without opposition-defiant behaviour (ADHD+ODD (n= 22) and ADHD-only (n= 18)), in 9- to 12- year old girls compared to girls without ADHD (n= 40). Girls played a computer game involving simulated players, and mothers and teachers completed rating scales. In general,
mothers and teachers saw girls with ADHD+ODD as more overtly and relationally aggressive and less prosocial than girls with
ADHD-only, who were seen as more overtly and relationally aggressive and less prosocial than control girls. On the computer
game, girls with ADHD+ODD were more overtly aggressive, more directly relationally aggressive, and showed less skilled behaviour
than the other groups. Girls with ADHD-only showed less covert, indirect relational aggression and more socially awkward interactions than girls in the control group on the computer
game. In all, the results indicate that girls with ADHD, with and without ODD behaviour, engage in socially detrimental behaviours. 相似文献
396.
This study examines individuals’ perceptions of the impact their significant others have on their health and the extent to
which these perceptions are associated with relationship quality and actual health. Two-hundred and ten participants (105
U.S. couples; mean age = 24.93) completed measures of their relationship quality and health along with an open-ended measure
asking them to indicate how they felt their partner influenced their health. Results indicated that participants perceived
their romantic partners to be primarily positive health influences, women believed their partners were more influential than
did men, and eating and physical activity behaviors were believed to be most affected by partners. Participants’ relationship
quality and health were associated with their reports of their perceived partners’ health influences.
The research described in this report was supported by an award to Charlotte Markey from Rutgers University. 相似文献
397.
Factors that distinguish aggression toward animals from other antisocial behaviors: Evidence from a community sample 下载免费PDF全文
398.
Charlotte Grosse Wiesmann Angela D. Friederici Tania Singer Nikolaus Steinbeis 《Developmental science》2017,20(5)
The ability to represent the mental states of other agents is referred to as Theory of Mind (ToM). A developmental breakthrough in ToM consists of understanding that others can have false beliefs about the world. Recently, infants younger than 2 years of age have been shown to pass novel implicit false belief tasks. However, the processes underlying these tasks and their relation to later‐developing explicit false belief understanding, as well as to other cognitive abilities, are not yet understood. Here, we study a battery of implicit and explicit false belief tasks in 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children, relating their performance to linguistic abilities and executive functions. The present data show a significant developmental change from failing explicit false belief tasks at 3 years of age to passing them at the age of 4, while both age groups pass implicit false belief tasks. This differential developmental trajectory is reflected by the finding that explicit and implicit false belief tasks do not correlate. Further, we demonstrate that explicit false belief tasks correlate with syntactic and executive functions, whereas implicit false belief tasks do not. The study thus indicates that the processes underlying implicit false belief tasks are different from later‐developing explicit false belief understanding. Moreover, our results speak for a critical role of syntactic and executive functions for passing standard explicit false belief tasks in contrast to implicit tasks. 相似文献
399.
Charlotte Chuck Tate 《The Journal of social psychology》2014,154(1):28-39
Taking inspiration from Glick and colleagues (2004), this study tested the idea that resentment of paternalism (which is part of the hostile sexism toward men construct) might approximate desire for system change by correlating this variable with actual behavior associated with system change in a single culture. Specifically, voting behavior in the 2008 U.S. presidential election was predicted from political party affiliation, measures of hostile and benevolent sexism toward both women and men, and egalitarian racial attitudes using a U.S. college student sample. Results indicated that the only significant predictors of voting behavior were political party affiliation, resentment of paternalism, and egalitarian racial attitudes. Higher levels of resentment of paternalism were in fact associated with voting for the ticket that represented system change—holding the other predictors constant. 相似文献
400.
In the research reported here, we investigated whether 18-month-olds would use their own past experience of visual access to attribute perception and consequent beliefs to other people. Infants in this study wore either opaque blindfolds (opaque condition) or trick blindfolds that looked opaque but were actually transparent (trick condition). Then both groups of infants observed an actor wearing one of the same blindfolds that they themselves had experienced, while a puppet removed an object from its location. Anticipatory eye movements revealed that infants who had experienced opaque blindfolds expected the actor to behave in accordance with a false belief about the object's location, but that infants who had experienced trick blindfolds did not exhibit that expectation. Our results suggest that 18-month-olds used self-experience with the blindfolds to assess the actor's visual access and to update her belief state accordingly. These data constitute compelling evidence that 18-month-olds infer perceptual access and appreciate its causal role in altering the epistemic states of other people. 相似文献