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301.
Pole N Best SR Metzler T Marmar CR 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2005,11(2):144-161
Several studies have found that Hispanic Americans have higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than non-Hispanic Caucasian and Black Americans. The authors identified predictors of PTSD symptom severity that distinguished Hispanic police officers (n=189) from their non-Hispanic Caucasian (n=317) and Black (n=162) counterparts and modeled them to explain the elevated Hispanic risk for PTSD. The authors found that greater peritraumatic dissociation, greater wishful thinking and self-blame coping, lower social support, and greater perceived racism were important variables in explaining the elevated PTSD symptoms among Hispanics. Results are discussed in the context of Hispanic culture and may be important for prevention of mental illness in the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. 相似文献
302.
Previous research and theory have conceptualized impulsivity as a multifaceted construct that requires multiple modes of measurement
for accurate assessment. This article describes a software package that includes four paradigms for measuring multiple and
unique aspects of impulsivity. Specifically, four tasks are described: (1) the two choice impulsivity paradigm, (2) the single
key impulsivity paradigm, (3) the GoStop impulsivity paradigm, and (4) the time paradigm. These tasks measure processes related
to the capacity to tolerate delay for reward, to inhibit an already initiated response, and to estimate the passage of time.
These processes have been found to be important to the understanding of impulsive behaviors. The programs are flexible and
allow the experimenter to manipulate a number of parameters related to delay-reward contingencies, timing, performance feedback/payment,
and data output variables. Manipulation of these parameters makes the paradigms scalable to a wide range of ability levels
and appropriate for samples ranging from children to adults. The four paradigms in this software package are available at
no cost and can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author. 相似文献
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306.
Throughout the U.S., state laws require professionals who work with children to report cases of suspected child abuse to child protection services. Both practically and conceptually, however, significant problems arise from a lack of clarity regarding the threshold that has been set for reporting. Specifically, there is no consensus as to what constitutes reasonable suspicion, and little direction for how mandated reporters should gauge their legal and professional responsibilities when they harbor suspicion. In this paper we outline the context of the problem, discuss the nature and scope of its conceptual underpinnings, and offer recommendations for moving towards a concrete, practical solution. 相似文献
307.
Family Environments of Women Seeking BRCA1/BRCA2 Genetic Mutation Testing: An Exploratory Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Keenan LA Lesniak KT Guarnaccia CA Althaus B Ethington G Blum JL 《Journal of genetic counseling》2004,13(2):157-176
Although there is some understanding of the shared characteristics and predictors of psychological distress of women participating in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer registries, these same characteristics are only beginning to be identified in research on community women seeking genetic testing for BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations. This study provides an initial exploration of characteristics associated with family environments for 51 community women waiting to receive such genetic testing results. Thirty-four of the 36 women classified on family environment type of the Family Environment Scale (FES) were from Personal Growth-Oriented families. Comparisons of women with and without personal cancer histories resulted in a trend for women with personal cancer histories to be classified as from Independence-Oriented families. Reported distress appears to vary for different family emphases based on family and personal cancer history. A moral-religious family emphasis consistently appeared to be associated with decreased psychological distress. Preliminary analyses comparing these community women (who were not part of a hereditary registry but were self- or physician-referred) seeking genetic testing with normal and distressed family means found that increased cohesion and expressiveness may be related to decreased conflict, indicative of potentially supportive family environments for these women. When compared with normative data, a subset consisting of the Ashkenazi Jewish women showed a trend of less cohesion than normal families, but similar cohesion levels as distressed families. 相似文献
308.
The purpose of this study was to investigate convergent and discriminant validity of the five-factor model of adolescent personality in a school setting using three different raters (methods): self-ratings, peer ratings, and teacher ratings. The authors investigated validity through a multitrait-multimethod matrix and a confirmatory factor analysis correlated trait, uncorrelated method model. With the exception of Emotional Stability, each analysis demonstrated similar patterns and together provided support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the five-factor model structure of adolescent personality. However, among the three raters, self-ratings of personality provided a comparatively weaker method for assessing adolescent personality. The influences of agreement between self and other raters are discussed in relation to contrast, perceiver, and target effects; expert observer effects; the degree of acquaintanceship; and the effect of the social context. 相似文献
309.
Catalano GD 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):409-415
A senior level capstone design experience has been developed and offered with a particular emphasis on many of the professional
issues raised in Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Criterion IV. The course has sought
to develop student awareness of the ethical foundation of the engineering profession, the global and societal framework within
which engineers practice, and the environmental impact on engineering. The capstone design course also focused upon improving
the technical communications skills of the graduating senior class with both extensive instruction in writing and multiple
workshops dealing with the art of making an effective oral presentation. The effectiveness of the design course was assessed
using Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluating training programs.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
310.
Soto-Faraco S Spence C Kingstone A 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2004,4(2):208-217
Behavioral studies of multisensory integration in motion perception have focused on the particular case of visual and auditory
signals. Here, we addressed a new case: audition and touch. In Experiment 1, we tested the effects of an apparent motion stream
presented in an irrelevant modality (audition or touch) on the perception of apparent motion streams in the other modality
(touch or audition, respectively). We found significant congruency effects (lower performance when the direction of motion
in the irrelevant modality was incongruent with the direction of the target) for the two possible modality combinations. This
congruency effect was asymmetrical, with tactile motion distractors having a stronger influence on auditory motion perception
than vice versa. In Experiment 2, we used auditory motion targets and tactile motion distractors while participants adopted
one of two possible postures: arms uncrossed or arms crossed. The effects of tactile motion on auditory motion judgments were
replicated in the arms-uncrossed posture, but they dissipated in the arms-crossed posture. The implications of these results
are discussed in light of current findings regarding the representation of tactile and auditory space. 相似文献