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171.
172.
A process-based model for an interactive ontology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richard Campbell 《Synthese》2009,166(3):453-477
The paper proposes a process-based model for an ontology that encompasses the emergence of process systems generated by increasingly
complex levels of organization. Starting with a division of processes into those that are persistent and those that are fleeting,
the model builds through a series of exclusive and exhaustive disjunctions. The crucial distinction is between those persistent
and cohesive systems that are energy wells, and those that are far-from-equilibrium. The latter are necessarily open; they
can persist only by interaction with their environments. Further distinctions, developed by means of the notions of self-maintenance
and error detection, lead to the identification of complex biological organisms that are flexible learners, some of which
are self-conscious and form themselves into social institutions. This model provides a non-reductive model for understanding
human beings as both embodied and yet emergent. In particular, it provides a way of characterizing action as ‘metaphysically
deep’, not an ontological embarrassment within an otherwise physicalist world. 相似文献
173.
This article reviews existing research pertaining to antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, and their combined efficacy
in the treatment of clinical depression in youth. Based on this review, we recommend that youth depression and its treatment
can be readily understood from a social-psycho-bio model. We maintain that this model presents an alternative conceptualization
to the dominant biopsychosocial model, which implies the primacy of biological contributors. Further, our review indicates
that psychotherapy should be the frontline treatment for youth with depression and that little scientific evidence suggests
that combined psychotherapy and medication treatment is more effective than psychotherapy alone. Due primarily to safety issues,
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors should be initiated only in conjunction with psychotherapy and/or supportive monitoring. 相似文献
174.
This study investigated how men react to a hypothetical confrontation by a woman of a male sexual harasser. Participants were 250 male undergraduates from a Canadian university who read scenarios depicting sexual harassment that varied by type of harassment and style of confrontation. Findings suggest that men have more negative feelings and opinions of a female confronter, and would engage in more negative verbal behaviour if confronted about subtle versus overt harassment. Contrary to prediction, assertive/hostile confrontation styles were related to only limited negative reactions. Although this study found that men’s reported reactions were not markedly negative, we discuss the importance of these results for women in understanding what factors may increase the chance that men will react negatively. 相似文献
175.
Fiona Kumari Campbell 《The Journal of medical humanities》2009,30(4):221-235
The biomedicalist conceptualization of disablement as a personal medical tragedy has been criticized by disability studies scholars for discounting the difference between disability and impairment and the ways disability is produced by socio-environmental factors. This paper discusses prospects for partnerships between disability studies teaching/research and medical education; addresses some of the themes around the necessity of critical disability studies training for medical students; and examines a selection of issues and themes that have arisen from disability education courses within medical schools globally. The paper concludes that providing there is a commitment from senior management, universities are well positioned to apply both vertical and horizontal approaches to teaching disability studies to medical students. 相似文献
176.
Elizabeth M. McCarroll Eric W. Lindsey Carol MacKinnon-Lewis Jessica Campbell Chambers James M. Frabutt 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):473-485
We examined associations between children’s health status and the quality of their peer relationships, as well as factors
that may account for individual variation in the quality of chronically ill and healthy children’s peer relationships. Our
sample included 268 children (138 boys; 130 girls) with 149 European-Americans and 119 African-Americans. There were 91 children
with a chronic illness; 35 with asthma, 26 with diabetes, and 30 with obesity. Chronically ill children were characterized
by teachers as displaying less prosocial behavior, less overt aggression, and less relational aggression with peers than healthy
children. Chronically ill children reported lower levels of peer contact and higher levels of social anxiety than healthy
children. Among chronically ill children those with high self-esteem were more prosocial and less aggressive than those with
low self-esteem. Our findings suggest that chronically ill children are at risk for peer relationship difficulties, but that
self-esteem may serve as a protective factor against poor peer relationships for some chronically ill children. 相似文献
177.
178.
Pornsawan Tanchotsrinon Kakanang Maneesri W. Keith Campbell 《Journal of research in personality》2007
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between narcissism and romantic attraction in a collectivistic culture (i.e., Thailand). In Study 1, participants completed a measure of narcissism and rated their attraction to four potential romantic partners. There was an overall preference across participants for caring targets. Additionally, high narcissists were more attracted to admiring and high status targets than were low narcissists. A similar pattern of results was found in Study 2 with targets that were either high caring/low status or high status/low caring. Overall, caring in a partner was highly valued in a collectivistic culture, but narcissism still predicted attraction to targets who offered the potential for self-enhancement. These findings suggest that classically Western self-enhancement can be found in Eastern samples; however, to uncover these self-enhancement processes, researchers might need to use a personality variable such as narcissism. 相似文献
179.
180.
J V Petrocelli B A Glaser G B Calhoun L F Campbell 《Journal of personality disorders》2001,15(6):546-559
This investigation attempted to examine the cognitive schemas of five distinct clusters that emerged from a cluster analysis of the personality disorder scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (Millon, 1987). Specifically, the degree to which early maladaptive schemas, as measured by the Cognitive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young, 1994), could correctly identify empirically derived patterns of personality disorders was examined. Between-cluster differences centered on five personality components and five schemas. Discriminant analyses revealed two significant functions composed of cognitive schemas, which correctly identified 61.2% of the entire sample in terms of cluster group membership. The total proportion of variance in the two significant functions associated with cluster group differences was 76.8%. Findings are discussed in relation to the domain theory of personality disorders posited by Millon and Davis (1996). 相似文献