Moving Toward Comprehensiveness and Sustainability in a Social Ecological Approach to Youth Violence Prevention: Lessons from the Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center

Youth violence is a serious public health problem affecting communities across the United States. The use of a social ecological approach has helped reduce its prevalence. However, those who have put the approach into practice often face challenges to effective implementation. Addressing social ecology in all its complexity presents one obstacle; the ability of private non-profit and public agencies to sustain such comprehensive efforts presents another. Here, we provide an example of our efforts to prevent youth violence. We worked with the Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center (APIYVPC) and two communities on O`ahu. We provide a case example from the Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center (APIYVPC) of our work, in collaboration with two communities on O`ahu, to develop and implement a youth violence prevention initiative that is becoming both comprehensive and sustainable. We illustrate the incremental nature of what it means to be comprehensive and we underscore the importance of reaching sustainability as the project unfolds.     

The promotional role of meaning in life in future-oriented coping: Positive affect as a mediator

The present study examined the role of meaning in life (MIL) in predicting positive affect and future-oriented coping, and whether positive affect mediated the relationship between MIL and future-oriented coping. The participants were 68 Chinese university students who were randomly assigned to two conditions: a MIL priming condition and a control condition. Positive affect was measured before and after the manipulation. MIL, positive affect and future-oriented coping were assessed at 1-week follow-up. The results showed that the level of positive affect increased after the manipulation in the MIL priming condition. Fifty-five of the participants completed the follow-up survey, and results showed that the MIL priming condition exhibited higher levels of future-oriented coping at follow-up compared to the control condition. Mediation analyses confirmed that MIL promoted proactive coping via positive affect. This study provides empirical support for the promotional role of MIL in future-oriented coping and clarifies the mechanism via the mediating effect of positive affect.     

共同经历不公平降低个体的不公平感知

以往鲜有研究考察个体与他人共同经历不公平如何影响其不公平感知。本研究实验1~2采用最后通牒博弈任务考察个体独自经历,以及与他人共同经历不公平时的不公平感知。结果表明,共同经历不公平,相比独自经历不公平,降低了个体的不公平感知。实验3采用眼动技术考察共同经历不公平降低个体不公平感知的内部心理机制,结果表明,个体越关注共同经历者的收益,其不公平感知越低,该结果支持社会比较的观点。     

认知元反应理论--IRT直接应用于多值记分题

0-1记分测验的项目反应理论已经得到广泛的研究和应用.但是,许多测验都含有多值记分题,所以需要将IRT推广到此类情况.从认知理论的观点看,每个0-1记分题(项目)和多值记分题的每个测试点都可同样地看成一个由若干知识点构成的集合,称之为认知元;根据认知元之间存在的关系可以确定各受测者对各试题作出特定答案的概率,从而不需要引用任何其它假设就可将IRT的方法直接应用于含多值记分题的测验.本文应用这一理论分析了某些测验样本,结果表明是可行的.     

心血管药物相互作用与细胞色素P450酶关系的探讨

细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）酶系,是人体中与药物代谢密切相关的重要酶系之一,90％以上的药物的氧化是由P450酶催化的。多药合用对机体P450酶的影响,能造成临床上显著的药物相互作用。基于P450独特的功能和特点,可以预测、控制药物的相互作用,并可能解释某患者对特定治疗方案的反应。该文从细胞色素P450分类及其各自的催化特点,心血管药物相互作用与细胞色素P450酶的关系方面进行探讨,为指导临床安全、合理的用药,增加患者依从性提供参考。     

The Concerns about Counseling Racial Minority Clients scale

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Concerns about Counseling Racial Minority Clients (CCRMC) scale among counselor trainees. Sample 1 was used for an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors were identified, Managing Cultural Differences (α = .82), Offending or Hurting Clients (α = .87), Biased Thoughts and Behaviors (α = .81), and Client Perceptions (α = .77). The coefficient alpha for the CCRMC was .90. The results support the validity of the scale. The scores on the CCRMC and its subscales have positive associations with fear of negative evaluation from others (r = .19 to .40) and negative associations with general counseling self-efficacy (r = -.30 to -.46) and multicultural intervention self-efficacy (r = -.30 to -.64). The CCRMC significantly predicted fear of negative evaluation, session management self-efficacy, and multicultural intervention self-efficacy over and above multicultural social desirability. The validity evidence was not different between White and minority graduate trainees. In Sample 2, the estimated 1-week test-retest reliabilities ranged from .75 to .96 for the CCRMC and its four subscales.     

Racial/Ethnic Identity,Gender‐Role Attitudes,and Multicultural Counseling Competence: The Role of Multicultural Counseling Training

Researchers and practitioners have been pursuing how to enhance counselors' multicultural counseling competencies (MCC). With a sample of 460 counselors, the author examined whether multicultural training changed the relationship between (a) racial/ethnic identity and MCC and (b) gender‐role attitudes and MCC. The author found significant interaction effects of (a) racial/ethnic identity and multicultural training and (b) gender‐role attitudes and multicultural training on multicultural knowledge but not on multicultural awareness.     

儒家伦理对完善医疗储蓄账户的启示

家庭医疗账户是家庭文化的产物.医疗保健、预防疾病是家庭的责任.通过医疗储蓄账户积累医疗保障基金,解决家庭成员的生老病死问题,这非常切合以家庭和血缘为根本特征的儒家伦理的精髓.同新加坡现行的医保制度相比,我国在医疗储蓄账户的运行中仍存在着一些问题,需要立足于中国国情做进一步的反思与探索.     

Response to an intervening event reverses nonspatial repetition effects in 2AFC tasks: Nonspatial IOR?

The repetition effect in two-alternatiave forced choice (2AFC) tasks is a cornerstone effect in human cognition. Yet the experiments described here show that the customary benefit of repetition reverses to a cost of repetition when participants respond to an irrelevant event between targets. In Experiments 1A-1C, participants made manual 2AFC decisions to both of two consecutive targets on a trial and, on some trials, also made a manual response to an intervening event that appeared between the two targets. A repetition benefit was observed when no intervening event appeared, whereas a repetition cost was observed when a response was required to an intervening event. Experiment 2 ruled out a solely strategic interpretation of the repetition cost effect observed on intervening event trials. In Experiments 3A and 3B, an intervening event that required a simple vocal "go" response also produced a repetition cost. In Experiment 4, a repetition cost was observed when the intervening event was changed to a tone presented aurally. In Experiment 5, the repetition benefit was observed when a response was withheld to an intervening event. A dual-process interpretation of these results is discussed, with one process related to episodic integration, and the other related to processes that produce inhibition of return.     

Human flesh search: a supplemental review

Human flesh search (HFS), a phenomenon that has recently emerged over the Internet, represents the interaction between the virtual and real worlds. The term "HFS" is equivalent to "cyber manhunt" in the West, although there were more large-scale HFS events reported in the East recently. While the majority of academic articles on HFS have focused on the Chinese context, the phenomenon has also been reported in many countries and involves diverse issues such as the controversy between privacy violation and public opinion. Based on 16 HFS references, a review paper by Chen and Sharma summarizes core issues on growth, incidents, distinctive attributes, key benefits and drawbacks, findings, and research gaps and opportunities. Echoing their call for a global HFS context, the current article provides a Taiwanese HFS context based on 32 reported incidents in Taiwan. To conduct an incremental HFS review, this study expands the reference base to 33 carefully selected academic articles from China and Taiwan. The review findings range from 6 derived HFS perspectives supplementing each article, 12 frequently mentioned HFS concepts, and 4 additional research directions. The resulting comprehensive knowledge of HFS, along with that contributed by Chen and Sharma, can be considered a useful reference framework for future HFS studies and policy making.