Active inhibition of a distractor word: the distractor precue benefit in the Stroop color-naming task

The current study investigated attentional control through active inhibition of the identity of the distractor. Adapting a Stroop paradigm, the distractor word was presented in advance and made to disappear, followed by the presentation of a Stroop stimulus. Participants were instructed to inhibit the distractor in order to reduce its interference. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that the distractor precue facilitated Stroop color naming by reducing Stroop interference. Experiment 3 demonstrated beneficial effects of the distractor precue when congruent trials were introduced. Experiment 4 showed that the distractor precue benefit was observed when the cue and target were in different forms. Experiment 5 indicated that if the item used as the cue became the target, naming it took longer in order to overcome the inhibitory effect. Experiment 6 demonstrated that the benefit of the distractor precue was not observed when the cue was uninformative. Finally, Experiment 7 demonstrated that active inhibition required working-memory resources to operate. This study suggests that the best explanation for the distractor precue benefit is the active inhibition account.     

Differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of own and other races

Past research has demonstrated differential recognition of emotion on faces of different races. This paper reports the first study to explore differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of different races. Chinese and Caucasian adults viewed a series of Chinese and Caucasian neutral faces and judged their outward facial expression: neutral, positive, or negative. The results showed that both Chinese and Caucasian viewers perceived more Chinese faces than Caucasian faces as neutral. Nevertheless, Chinese viewers attributed positive emotion to Caucasian faces more than to Chinese faces, whereas Caucasian viewers attributed negative emotion to Caucasian faces more than to Chinese faces. Moreover, Chinese viewers attributed negative and neutral emotion to the faces of both races without significant difference in frequency, whereas Caucasian viewers mostly attributed neutral emotion to the faces. These differences between Chinese and Caucasian viewers may be due to differential visual experience, culture, racial stereotype, or expectation of the experiment. We also used eye tracking among the Chinese participants to explore the relationship between face-processing strategy and emotion attribution to neutral faces. The results showed that the interaction between emotion attribution and face race was significant on face-processing strategy, such as fixation proportion on eyes and saccade amplitude. Additionally, pupil size during processing Caucasian faces was larger than during processing Chinese faces.     

不同强迫倾向个体信息加工方式的特点研究

采用Flanker范式,通过考察高低强迫倾向个体在Flanker任务上的差异,来研究强迫倾向个体信息加工方式的特点。研究结果显示,在Flanker任务中,高强迫倾向个体显示出较慢的反应速度,表现为更多的犹豫不觉的特性;高强迫倾向个体的信息加工方式以集中加工为主;高强迫倾向个体在信息加工的灵活性上存在不足,对情景的变化较不敏感。通过对强迫倾向个体的信息加工方式的研究,有助于丰富和发展强迫症的理论,同时为强迫症的临床治疗提供依据。     

弗洛伊德无意识创造力理论及现象学方法论释义

无意识理论是弗洛伊德精神分析理论的核心内容.追溯了弗洛伊德无意识理论的思想渊源,着重阐发了弗洛伊德无意识创造力理论的基本内容,并揭示其现象学方法论蕴涵.进而指出弗洛伊德无意识创造力理论在现象学创造力研究中的地位与价值.     

地铁驾驶员职业人格特征模型的建构

采用经典的卡特尔16PF人格特征测验,对298名来自上海和广州的地铁驾驶员进行职业人格特征研究。研究结果发现,与全国成人常模比较,地铁驾驶员具有行业独特的职业人格特征。进一步运用因子分析技术发现,我国地铁驾驶员的职业人格特征主要由自制性、支配性、自立性、现实理智、社会智能五个因素构成,它们解释了总变异的60.162%。这一结果基本建构了我国地铁驾驶员的职业人格特征模型,可以为选拔和评价地铁驾驶员提供科学的参考。     

医学创新教育的目标与模式研究

结合国内外创新教育的经验,将创新教育的两种教学模式结合起来,开展实验研究。对医学创新教育的目标、模式、内容进行了探讨,为高教改革,特别是医学院校的深入改革、医学生创新能力的开发与培养提供调查分析资料。     

公共卫生人才调查及培养的思考

对江苏省部分市、区、县级疾病预防控制中心和卫生监督所的公共卫生队伍现状、人才需求进行了调查分析,为我国公共卫生教育提供了科学的依据。认为江苏省公共卫生系统现有人员素质有待进一步提高,医学高等院校应该加强公共卫生人才的培养。     

上博简《仲弓》疏证

上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书第三册《仲弓》,是一篇久佚的先秦儒家文献,它对于我们认识孔子的政治理论和了解《论语》成书的一些情况,都有比较重要的价值。本文对于《仲弓》篇的28支简的简序进行了重新编排,并且分段进行了疏证研究,探讨了孔子政治思想中的若干重要内容。     

MMPI-215中F量表的特性及其影响因素

使用MMPI—215在全国18个省市对7073名应征青年进行测试,探讨F量表分数的相关和影响因素。结果：1．F分在正常人群与异常人群中有各自不同分布特点;其应答率存在有显著差异;2．F分与其它分量表呈显著性相关;3F分受年龄、文化程度、生长地等多因素影响,低学历,生长地靠北方和农村、年龄偏小的应征青年F分数较高。     

HBV携带者心理健康状况研究现状

乙肝病毒感染在我国已超过了10%,达1.4亿人左右,面对如此庞大的感染人群,如何合理而适当地处理乙肝病毒携带病例已不仅仅是医学问题,而且是重要的社会问题.随着心理学的快速发展,乙肝病毒携带者的心理问题已经受到了人们的普遍重视.目前众多学者认为乙肝病毒携带者心理问题严重,以焦虑、抑郁、强迫等为主,但是相关的支持治疗明显不足,有待于深入研究.