记者博客——传统媒体影响力的延伸

今天博客的高度繁荣发展从侧面反映了互联网发生的新变化,博客的出现推动互联网进入了2.0时代.随着网民博客规模和影响力的不断扩张,传统媒介正在越来越深刻地感受到博客给他们造成的冲击和影响.尽管在可以预见的未来,博客要彻底颠覆和替代传统媒体的影响力还不大可能,但是如何积极、科学地应对这种影响已成为当前传统媒体亟待解决的问题.在这个过程当中记者博客对于提升传统媒体影响力能够发挥积极的作用.     

Does red undermine individuals' intellectual performance? A test in China

Previous research shows that red impairs individuals' performance on challenging intellectual tasks in achievement situations. However, no research to date has examined this issue in Chinese society. In China, red has a positive connotation in general (unlike in the West), but also has a negative connotation for students, given that teachers mark incorrect answers in red (like in the West). Therefore, the question of whether red promotes or undermines intellectual performance for Chinese individuals needs to be tested. The present research investigated this and found, consistent with findings obtained in the West, that red undermined the intellectual performance of Chinese students. Future directions and potential mechanisms are discussed.     

虚拟现实社交环境中的普罗透斯效应:情境、羞怯的影响

化身是虚拟世界中的一种重要的自我呈现方式,化身特点会在有意无意间影响用户的认知、态度和行为,即普罗透斯效应(Proteus effect)。本研究通过3个实验,采纳一种新的研究方法——"虚拟情境模拟",对普罗透斯效应进行了较为深入的探讨,不仅系统考察了虚拟社交情境中化身的效应,而且着重考察了社交情境这一情境因素与羞怯这一人格因素的潜在影响。研究结果最终表明:(1)普罗透斯效应受到情境因素(社交情境)和个体变量(羞怯水平)的影响。(2)社交情境调节了化身的效应,进入社交情境中化身主效应显著,而在维持社交情境中主效应不显著。(3)在维持社交情境中,普罗透斯效应受羞怯水平的调节。低羞怯个体的社交表现水平比高羞怯个体更易受化身影响。(4)高低羞怯个体之间的差异产生于认知层面。     

Revisiting the prime–probe contextual similarity effect on negative priming: The impact of cue variability

In previous studies on negative priming, the effect of prime–probe contextual similarity was not stable. On occasions, negative priming was greater when similar rather than different contexts were presented in a prime and a probe trial; however, at other times, negative priming was not affected by such manipulation. The current study demonstrates that the effect of contextual similarity can be optimised when cue variability is high. Cue variability was manipulated between-subject across Experiments 1a and 1b and as a within-subject variable in Experiment 2. Symbols were presented as contextual cues. The results indicated that when cue variability was high, the prime–probe contextual similarity effect was observed on negative priming; however, when cue variability was low, the contextual similarity effect and the negative priming effect were absent.     

学经济学降低人际信任?经济类专业学习对大学生人际信任的影响

本研究试图证明,经济类专业学习会降低大学生的人际信任.研究者测量了某财经类重点高校经济类和非经济类专业的大一和大三共290名本科生的人际信任水平,发现专业类型和年级存在显著交互作用,大一的经济类学生和非经济类学生在人际信任水平上无显著差异,而大三的经济类学生在人际信任水平上却显著低于非经济类专业.这说明经济类专业学习时间的增加可能是学生人际信任水平下降的原因,可能的机制是,学习经济学会使个体逐渐接受和认同“理性人假设”所包含的人性观点,认为他人的行为都是基于自私和功利的目的.     

Punishing Repeat Offenders in the Netherlands: Balancing between Incapacitation and Treatment

In the Netherlands, punishing repeat offenders is not a foregone conclusion. After a decades-long search for an appropriate punishment, repeat offenders are currently punished by means of a custodial security measure. A custodial security measure is additional incarceration often beyond the original penalty. This new penal measure can be imposed for a maximum of 2 years, and is designed to ensure public safety and reduce recidivism by way of incapacitation. However, given the fact that nearly every repeat offender suffers from severe comorbid problems (e.g., a mental illness and substance abuse disorder), judges tend to consider these objectives from a long-term perspective by insisting on as much treatment during detention as possible. Consequently, the punishment for repeat offenders balances between incapacitation and treatment. While some have argued that the current Dutch sentencing scheme represents a new way of sentencing, this article demonstrates that the reliance on the sometimes dichotomous goals of punishment and rehabilitation is characteristic not only of the current type of repeat offender punishment, but of all previous types as well. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

抑郁倾向对个体情绪调节目标的影响——来自事件相关电位的证据

目前抑郁症情绪失调的研究主要关注策略的选择和应用, 但是对于情绪调节目标是否异常及其背后的电生理基础尚不清楚。情景选择是成熟的情绪反应产生之前运用的一种调节策略, 可以反映情绪调节目标。本研究要求抑郁倾向被试与控制组被试观看并选择快乐、中性和悲伤场景图片, 同时记录事件相关电位(ERP)和主观情绪偏好。结果发现, 抑郁倾向组悲伤图片的LPP波幅显著小于健康控制组, 并更多地选择再次观看悲伤图片。此外, 抑郁倾向组对于悲伤情绪的偏好显著增加, 对快乐情绪的偏好则显著降低。结果提示抑郁倾向个体对快乐刺激的趋近动机和对悲伤刺激的回避动机都降低, 从而使得抑郁倾向被试的情绪调节目标为更多地体验到悲伤。     

"山中宰相"辨

齐、梁易代之际,陶弘景以一个道士所擅长的图谶、符箓来为萧梁政权的稳定和争取民心作最大的支持,进而获得了梁武帝的信任,但为时不长.天监七年(508)陶托言"静斋",半夜从茅山出走,实意味着二人间罅隙的产生.之后,因佞佛的举措已开始弥满全国,梁武帝对道教的信任自然也跌到了低谷.因此,"山中宰相"的称呼,大约只能是萧衍称帝后到天监七年这一短短的七年时间,其下限最长也只能延续到天监十一年,即陶弘景诣郧县礼佛受戒的时候.     

Lay theory of race affects and moderates Asian Americans' responses toward American culture

People may hold different understandings of race that might affect how they respond to the culture of groups deemed to be racially distinct. The present research tests how this process is moderated by the minority individual's lay theory of race. An essentialist lay theory of race (i.e., that race reflects deep-seated, inalterable essence and is indicative of traits and ability) would orient racial minorities to rigidly adhere to their ethnic culture, whereas a social constructionist lay theory of race (i.e., that race is socially constructed, malleable, and arbitrary) would orient racial minorities to identify and cognitively assimilate toward the majority culture. To test these predictions, the authors conducted 4 studies with Asian American participants. The first 2 studies examine the effect of one's lay theory of race on perceived racial differences and identification with American culture. The last 2 studies tested the moderating effect of lay theory of race on identification and assimilation toward the majority American culture after this culture had been primed. The results generally supported the prediction that the social constructionist theory was associated with more perceived similarity between Asians and Americans and more consistent identification and assimilation toward American culture, compared with the essentialist theory.     

不同数学焦虑成人的算术策略运用差异：ERP研究

采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术和选择/无选法范式, 在两位数加法心算和估算中, 探索高、低数学焦虑个体的算术计算策略运用及其内在机制。行为结果：数学焦虑效应在策略运用的反应时和正确率指标上的差异都不显著; 而脑电结果：高数学焦虑个体的N400波幅显著高于低数学焦虑个体; 选择条件中, 估算与心算的数学焦虑效应的N100波幅差异; 无选条件中, 高低数学焦虑个体N1-P2复合波的波幅和潜伏期差异显著。数学焦虑效应在策略编码(0~250 ms)和策略选择/执行阶段(250 ms之后)存在差异。