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91.
The microstructure and crystallization behaviour of melt-spun Al88Ni9Ce2Fe1 amorphous alloy and nanophase composites have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning and isothermal calorimetry. The diffraction patterns from Al88Ni9Ce2Fe1 amorphous alloys are diffuse, indicating a basically amorphous structure but contain two rings presumed to be associated with quenched-in nuclei. In the cases of Al88Ni9Ce2Fe1 nanophase composites, nanoscale precipitated particles are homogeneously dispersed in an amorphous matrix, and the crystallite diameter and volume fraction are sensitive to quenching conditions. During thermal crystallization, a two-step phase transformation occurs in the amorphous alloy and nanocomposites, which is characterized by a diffusion-controlled precipitation of nanoscale Al particles and the growth of a Al3(Ni, Fe) nanophase prior to a Al11Ce3 nanophase. This study gives insight into structure-control for obtaining nanophases dispersed in an amorphous matrix by rapid quenching. 相似文献
92.
Chingching Chang 《Media Psychology》2013,16(4):415-441
A theoretical framework is proposed to test the influence of opinions of other consumers, based on perceived similarity, in two contexts. The perceived similarity of the source may be diagnostic for consumers who are concerned about mispurchase. Experiment 1, therefore, compared the effects of ads featuring a consumer versus an expert as an endorser, with participant use status as a moderator that may affect concerns about mispurchase. Potential product users rated the consumer endorser higher on perceived similarity, which increased ad credibility and resulted in better ad and brand attitudes. Experiment 2 compared the effects of information about a product delivered on a consumer blog with that of information from the advertiser's official Web site, with concern about mispurchase as a moderator. More concerned consumers rated the blogger higher than the advertiser on perceived similarity, leading to greater information credibility and more favorable attitudes toward the blog and the product. 相似文献
93.
Verifying properties of concepts spontaneously requires sharing resources with same-modality percept
Nicolas Vermeulen Betty Chang Olivier Corneille Gordy Pleyers Martial Mermillod 《Cognitive processing》2013,14(1):81-87
In the present experiments, participants had to verify properties of concepts but, depending on the trial condition, concept-property pairs were presented via headphones or on the screen. The results showed that participants took longer and were less accurate at verifying conceptual properties when the channel used to present the CONCEPT-property pair and the type of property matched in sensory modality (e.g., LEMON-yellow on screen; BLENDER-loud in headphones) compared to when properties and channel did not match (e.g., LEMON-yellow in headphones; BLENDER-loud on screen). Such interference is consistent with theories of embodied cognition holding that knowledge is grounded in modality-specific systems (Barsalou in Behav Brain Sci 22:577–660, 1999). When the resources of one modality are burdened during the task, processing costs are incurred in a conceptual task (Vermeulen et al. in Cognition 109:287–294, 2008). 相似文献
94.
Flashing a homogeneous light mask after the presentation of a masked target reduces the deleterious effects of the mask, a phenomenon often called target recovery. Target recovery has been studied using masking paradigms in which a target object is presented in isolation prior to the presentation of a mask, thus capturing attention. In the present study, we examined whether target recovery is possible when a target does not benefit from attentional capture. We hypothesized that target recovery would be eliminated when a target must compete with distractors for perceptual attention. Replicating classic studies, we observed target recovery when pattern and light masks followed an isolated target. However, target recovery was not observed when a light mask followed a masked visual search target. Furthermore, using an attentional-capture paradigm we found that sudden onset search targets were recoverable whereas nononset targets were not. The present findings indicate that attentional capture by a target prior to masking plays a critical role in the subsequent recovery of the target. 相似文献
95.
Artemis Chang Shu-Chen Chen Shu-Cheng Steve Chi 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(6):859-874
This study examined the effects of role demand on both work–family conflict and family–work conflict, and the moderating effects of role salience and support on these relationships. Based on 391 dual-career (managerial and blue-collar employees) couples from a Taiwanese company in China, the results of this survey study showed clear gender differences in the patterns of relationships observed. For men, the most important demands that negatively impacted on work–family conflict were frequency of overtime and frequency of socializing for work purposes (yingchou), and supervisory support buffered the negative impact of frequent overtime. For women however, strong supervisory support and low work role salience were more important for reducing work–family conflict, and there was no significant main effect found for any of the role demand factors. Furthermore, women with high work role salience were more likely to feel the impact of yingchou on work–family conflict. In the family domain, the most influential demand for men was hours spent on household tasks, but for women, it was the frequency of family-related leave. Interestingly, males reported higher family role salience than females and spouse support intensified rather than buffered the positive impact of hours spent on household tasks on family–work conflict for males. 相似文献
96.
The present study aimed to investigate the psychological displacement paradigm in diary-writing (PDPD) had both immediate and short-term psychological benefits. Participants were randomly assigned to write about their recent negative life experiences two times a week for 2 weeks in PDPD group or comparison group. Results revealed that the PDPD group displayed a decrease in negative emotion and an increase in positive emotion immediately after each writing session; they also showed an increase in psychological well-being relative to the comparison group for at least 2 weeks. Implications for PDPD are discussed. 相似文献
97.
Thomas L. Webb Betty P. I. Chang Yael Benn 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2013,7(11):794-807
Monitoring one's current standing with respect to goals can promote effective self‐regulation. However, the present review suggests that there is an ostrich problem such that, in many instances, people have a tendency to “bury their head in the sand” and intentionally avoid or reject information that would help them to monitor their goal progress. For example, people with diabetes avoid monitoring their blood glucose, and few people monitor their household energy consumption, check their bank balances, keep track of what they are eating and so on. While situational constraints can explain some problems with progress monitoring, we use a self‐motives framework to posit that the decision to avoid monitoring often represents the product of an interaction between different motives. For example, the desire to accurately assess progress may conflict with the desire to protect or enhance the self. The present review collates evidence pertaining to the ostrich problem, identifies different motives that underlie the decision to monitor versus not monitor goal progress, illustrates how the ostrich problem might be integrated into models of self‐regulation, and provides suggestions for future research. In so doing, the review advances our understanding of the nature and determinants of intentionally deficient monitoring. 相似文献
98.
The syllable and the morpheme are known to be important linguistic variables, but is such information involved in the early stages of word recognition? Syllable‐morpheme information was manipulated in the early stage of word naming by means of the fast priming paradigm. The letters in the prime were printed in a mixture of lower‐ and upper‐case letters. The change from lower to upper case occurred either at a syllable‐morpheme boundary, before the boundary, or after it (e.g., reTAKE, rETAKE, or retAKE) creating either an intact pair or a broken one. The target was always in lower case (e.g., retake). The results of Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that intact syllable and morpheme information facilitated word naming at a short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (below awareness) but not at a long SOA, suggesting that the use of such information is automatic. A second set of experiments attempted to determine if syllable information alone could facilitate word processing. In Experiments 3 and 4, monomorphemic words were divided either at, before, or after the syllable boundary (e.g., rePEL, rEPEL, or repEL). The primes were all pseudomorphemic in the sense that the initial syllables could appear as a morpheme in other words (e.g., restate) but were not morphemic in the target words (e.g., repel). The second syllable was neither morphemic nor pseudomorphemic. Using the same SOAs as in Experiments 1 and 2, intact syllables were found to be facilitative at the short SOA, but not at the long SOA. Thus, the syllable plays a role in an early stage of word recognition. Whether morphemes that are not syllables are facilitative is still to be determined in this paradigm. 相似文献
99.
Psychology in Singapore Education 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agnes Chang Shook Cheong 《Psychologie appliquee》2002,51(2):204-217
Cet article essaie de décrire la reconnaissance croissante de l'importance de la psychologie dans l'éducation à Singapour. Le développement de la psychologie en tant qu'élément central dans le processus de formation des maîtres accompagne l'évolution de l'éducation des enseignants à Singapour. L'urbanisation, l'industrialisation et la globalisation ont aussi joué un rôle de catalyseur collectif dans l'accélération de l'ancrage de la psychologie en tant que soutien puissant du développement de la réactivité chez les jeunes de Singapour.
This paper attempts to trace the steady growth and recognition of the importance of psychology in Singapore education. The development of psychology as a key element in the teaching–learning process parallels the evolution of teacher education in Singapore. Urbanisation, industrialisation, and globalisation have also acted as a collective catalyst in accelerating the establishment of psychology as a powerful aid in developing resilience in young Singaporeans. 相似文献
This paper attempts to trace the steady growth and recognition of the importance of psychology in Singapore education. The development of psychology as a key element in the teaching–learning process parallels the evolution of teacher education in Singapore. Urbanisation, industrialisation, and globalisation have also acted as a collective catalyst in accelerating the establishment of psychology as a powerful aid in developing resilience in young Singaporeans. 相似文献
100.
同伴团体对儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能关系的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用同伴评价、教师评估和学校记录等多种渠道收集关于同伴团体、社会功能、同伴接纳以及学业成就的资料,旨在考察同伴团体与儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能的关系。研究发现:绝大多数儿童青少年都有自己的同伴团体。这些同伴团体在学业成就上有很高的同质性。学业成就与社会适应无论在团体内的个体水平还是在团体水平上都密切相关。而且,团体的学业表现是个体学业成就和社会适应间的重要调节因素,表明团体学业规范对个体水平上学业成就与社会功能的关系有增强或是减弱的作用。这项研究再一次证明同伴团体在儿童个体发展中的重要意义。 相似文献