全文获取类型
收费全文 | 57642篇 |
免费 | 2119篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 855篇 |
2017年 | 823篇 |
2016年 | 921篇 |
2015年 | 667篇 |
2014年 | 815篇 |
2013年 | 5003篇 |
2012年 | 1398篇 |
2011年 | 1489篇 |
2010年 | 978篇 |
2009年 | 922篇 |
2008年 | 1430篇 |
2007年 | 1272篇 |
2006年 | 1210篇 |
2005年 | 1036篇 |
2004年 | 1022篇 |
2003年 | 1027篇 |
2002年 | 1023篇 |
2001年 | 1690篇 |
2000年 | 1625篇 |
1999年 | 1268篇 |
1998年 | 603篇 |
1996年 | 700篇 |
1995年 | 682篇 |
1994年 | 632篇 |
1992年 | 1270篇 |
1991年 | 1153篇 |
1990年 | 1145篇 |
1989年 | 1031篇 |
1988年 | 1067篇 |
1987年 | 1005篇 |
1986年 | 1040篇 |
1985年 | 1040篇 |
1984年 | 914篇 |
1983年 | 776篇 |
1982年 | 608篇 |
1981年 | 645篇 |
1979年 | 903篇 |
1978年 | 705篇 |
1977年 | 595篇 |
1976年 | 635篇 |
1975年 | 810篇 |
1974年 | 887篇 |
1973年 | 975篇 |
1972年 | 835篇 |
1971年 | 789篇 |
1970年 | 711篇 |
1969年 | 725篇 |
1968年 | 893篇 |
1967年 | 798篇 |
1966年 | 802篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
871.
Interventive Interviewing: Part I. Strategizing as a Fourth Guideline for the Therapist 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A clinical interview affords far more opportunities to act therapeutically than most therapists realize. Because so many of these opportunities remain outside the therapist's conscious awareness, it is useful to elaborate guidelines that orient his or her general activity in directions that are liable to be therapeutic. The Milan associates defined three such basic guidelines: hypothesizing, circularity, and neutrality. Hypothesizing is clear and easy to accept. The notions of circularity and neutrality have aroused considerable interest but are not as readily understood. These guidelines may be clarified and operationalized when reformulated as conceptual postures. This process is enhanced by differentiating a fourth guideline, strategizing, which entails the therapist's decision making, including decisions about how to employ these postures. This paper, the first in a series of three, explores these four interviewing guidelines. The other papers will appear in a subsequent issue. Part II will focus on reflexive questioning, a mode of inquiry oriented toward mobilizing the family's own healing capacity. Part III will provide a scheme for analyzing and choosing among four major types of questions: linear questions, circular questions, reflexive questions, and strategic questions. 相似文献
872.
D. Robin Hill David S. Krantz Richard J. Contrada Susan M. Hedges Jeffrey A. Ratliff-Grain 《Journal of applied social psychology》1987,17(8):679-698
This study examined the effects of academic stress upon components of Type A behavior and cardiovascular reactivity. In a longitudinal design, heart rate and blood pressure responses to the Type A Structured Interview (SI) and additional laboratory challenges were measured in medical students at three points during an academic semester. Sessions 1 and 3 were scheduled during vacation periods; Session 2 took place during an intensive examination week. Results indicated that three “stylistic” components of Pattern A derived from the SI—loud and explosive speech, short response latency, and potential for hostility—increased significantly during the exam period. Similar increases achieved marginal significance for another stylistic component, rapid and accelerated speech. By contrast, global Type A assessments did not increase with academic demands. Cardiovascular reactivity was significantly but only moderately stable across the three sessions, showing less consistency than has been reported in previous research. In addition, there was little evidence in this study that cardiovascular reactivity was potentiated by academic stress or by Type A behavior. These results demonstrate the influence of naturalistic environmental factors on overt behavioral components that have recently been suggested as coronary risk factors. Therefore, it is advisable for future experimental and epidemiological research to examine the social and environmental context in which these behaviors occur. 相似文献
873.
Michael E. Reaves M.D. Michael J. Maxwell M.S. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1987,17(1):22-33
The evolution of a therapy group for hospitalized Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related symptomatology is described. The literature on group treatment for this population is briefly reviewed and discussed in relation to an inpatient psychiatry setting. The prevailing conditions at the time of group inception are recalled along with the initial goals of the therapeutic intervention. Problems encountered are also discussed, along with the changes made in response to these identified difficulties. The results of three and one-half years of experience with this group are described in detail.The authors would like to thank Cynthia Sturm, Ph.D. for her helpful editorial assistance. 相似文献
874.
Stephen DeBerry Ph.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1987,17(4):235-249
Psychotherapy is conceptualized within a phenomenoiogical framework as a relationship with a focus. Both these factors, the relationship and the focus, are examined as necessary factors for the creation of the therapeutic alliance which is seen as a sufficient condition for intrapsychic change. The proper balancing of the two necessary factors is seen as essential for a therapeutic alliance to evolve. The relationship factor is described in existential terms as a special form of the I-Thou encounter, while the focus factor is examined as part of the diagnostic aspect of psychotherapy. Iatrogenic distortions in psychotherapy are discussed in terms of distortions in the necessary factors-the focus and relationship. Four types of iatrogenic distortions are described: (1) overemphasis of the relationship and focus, (2) underemphasis of the relationship and focus, (3) overemphasis of the relationship and underemphasis of the focus and (4) underemphasis of the relationship and overemphasis of the focus. 相似文献
875.
A reinforced practice procedure was used to facilitate cooperative behavior in five children, aged 3 to 6 years, during dental treatment. In a multiple baseline design across subjects, the children were rewarded with escape, inexpensive stickers, and praise for cooperative behavior in the presence of the sights, sounds, and some sensations of the dental instruments prior to actual dental treatment. Direct observations of disruptive behavior via a 15-s interval recording system indicated baseline levels as high as 90% were reduced to less than 15% by the final treatment visit. In addition, the procedure was effective in reducing overall heart rate and blood pressure reactivity to dental treatment. All children were rated by the involved dental professionals as more cooperative and relaxed following exposure to reinforced practice. 相似文献
876.
Previous research has found that greater autonomy for incarcerated adolescents is associated with pro-social outcomes. The present paper interprets the pro-social impact of autonomy in terms of three established lines of research in social psychology: leadership style, coercive social control, and reactance. In addition, it attempts to clarify whether autonomy in this setting has a direct influence on residents' values or an indirect influence resulting from an increase in residents' acceptance of the treatment goals. Data were collected by questionnaires administered to 434 residents and 156 staff members at four residential institutions for adjudicated adolescents. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model with unobserved variables (LISREL). A model positing both direct and indirect influences of autonomy fit the data very well. Autonomy contributed to pro-social values both through greater acceptance of the treatment goals as well as through a direct influence on values. 相似文献
877.
Members of the editorial boards of the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, Psychoanalytic Quarterly, and Psychoanalytic Inquiry, plus selected analysts from Canada, France, and England, were asked how they presented the fundamental rule to their analysands and what considerations led to their choice of initial guidelines. Forty-nine of eight-three analysts responded to the survey. The respondents described diversity in phrasing of the fundamental rule, the time in analysis when the guidelines are given, and the reasons for the practice they follow. The method each chose appears to reflect the differing conceptions analysts have of the analytic process. Two major trends emerged: either our respondents emphasized delineating a work or functional framework or contract, or they emphasized establishing an attitude or spirit of cooperation, mutuality and work sharing. In each group respondents differed as to whether they favored minimal or more lengthy instructions. They also differed as to whether they followed a consistent approach or one tailored to the needs of the individual analysand. A source of tension lay in an inclination either to remain in the tradition set by Freud or to experiment with different phrasings and timings. The authors give their reasons for choosing to give explicit instructions, requesting associational material beyond thoughts and feelings, and describing resistance as inevitable and a potential source of insight. 相似文献
878.
V D Volkan 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》1987,35(4):903-935
There are two phases in the process of negotiating for peace with antagonistic national groups. The leader (or leaders) of one such group will not negotiate with his opposite number until political foundations to support such negotiation are laid down, and obstacles to peace identified and dealt with; at least some measure of success is anticipated by both sides. Accordingly, the first phase requires the building of bridges between those representing opposing nations. The activities in this preliminary phase are sometimes called Track II diplomacy; they differ from those of official or Track I diplomacy. I suggest two kinds of concepts that may be useful in Track II diplomacy, and present them in the hope of initiating further discussion, and exploration of metapsychological underpinnings of each concept. As Mitscherlich (1971) suggested, the psychology of international politics may be better understood if psychoanalysts are willing to engage in interdisciplinary work with others engaged in such endeavors. 相似文献
879.
Histories of sexual abuse in adolescent male runaways 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this study, data on sexual victimization in the histories of 89 Canadian male runaways as well as information on physical victimization, family structure, family financial stability, delinquent and criminal activities, and reasons for running away from home were evaluated. The population of male runaways evidenced dramatically higher rates of sexual and physical abuse than did randomly sampled populations. Sexually abused and nonsexually abused male runaways shared characteristics noted in the literature as common to runaways: problem families, high rates of delinquency, depression, tension, low self-image, and history of physical abuse. Sexually abused male runaways differed from nonsexually abused runaways in their reactions to their runaway event, with sexually abused male runaways responding in highly avoidant patterns coupled with extreme withdrawal from all types of interpersonal relationships. These differences are explained as consistent with known sequelae of sexual abuse, and the implications for treatment by runaway shelters and for further research are suggested. 相似文献
880.