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911.
This article explores the linkages between strategies for managing different types of conflict and group performance and satisfaction. Results from a qualitative study of 57 autonomous teams suggest that groups that improve or maintain top performance over time share 3 conflict resolution tendencies: (a) focusing on the content of interpersonal interactions rather than delivery style, (b) explicitly discussing reasons behind any decisions reached in accepting and distributing work assignments, and (c) assigning work to members who have the relevant task expertise rather than assigning by other common means such as volunteering, default, or convenience. The authors' results also suggest that teams that are successful over time are likely to be both proactive in anticipating the need for conflict resolution and pluralistic in developing conflict resolution strategies that apply to all group members. 相似文献
912.
Meredith-Owen W 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2008,53(4):459-480
This paper is concerned with the operation of envy: it considers its origins and their repercussions, in particular its compulsion to sterilize the evidence of fertility, exemplified by Roger Money-Kyrle's evocation of 'the parental intercourse as the supremely creative act'. The inevitable impact on the analytic relationship is considered in the context of two clinical examples of impasse. It is argued that such fundamentally negative transferences, one full of overt aggression and enactment, the other more covertly sabotaging, derive from envious retaliatory impulses originating in experiences--whether phantasied or factual--of exclusion from the anticipated 'good'. Significant recent Jungian contributions to this area are considered and the absence of references to 'envy'--so characteristic of Kleinian discourse--is noted. The ongoing value of integrating Jungian and Kleinian approaches is affirmed. 相似文献
913.
We conducted a longitudinal-biometric study examining stability and change in personality from ages 17 to 24 in a community sample of male and female twins. Using Tellegen's (in press) Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), facets of Negative Emotionality (NEM) declined substantially at the mean and individual levels, whereas facets of Constraint (CON) increased over time. Furthermore, individuals in late adolescence who were lowest on NEM and highest on CON remained the most stable over time, whereas those exhibiting the inverse profile (higher NEM, lower CON) changed the most in a direction towards growth and maturity. Analyses of gender differences yielded greater mean-level increases over time for women as compared to men on facets of CON and greater mean-level increases for men than women on facets of Agentic Positive Emotionality (PEM). Biometric analyses revealed rank-order stability in personality to be largely genetic, with rank-order change mediated by both the nonshared environment (and error) as well as genes. Findings correspond with prior evidence of a normative trend toward growth and maturity in personality during emerging adulthood. 相似文献
914.
Why it pays to get inside the head of your opponent: the differential effects of perspective taking and empathy in negotiations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The current research explored whether two related yet distinct social competencies -- perspective taking (the cognitive capacity to consider the world from another individual's viewpoint) and empathy (the ability to connect emotionally with another individual) -- have differential effects in negotiations. Across three studies, using both individual difference measures and experimental manipulations, we found that perspective taking increased individuals' ability to discover hidden agreements and to both create and claim resources at the bargaining table. However, empathy did not prove nearly as advantageous and at times was detrimental to discovering a possible deal and achieving individual profit. These results held regardless of whether the interaction was a negotiation in which a prima facie solution was not possible or a multiple-issue negotiation that required discovering mutually beneficial trade-offs. Although empathy is an essential tool in many aspects of social life, perspective taking appears to be a particularly critical ability in negotiations. 相似文献
915.
The present study was designed to explore the effects of warned and unwarned demand transitions in vigilance on performance and self-reported stress. Twenty observers (10 women and 10 men) were assigned at random to each of six conditions resulting from the factorial combination of signal salience (high and low salience signals) and switching (no switch, switch with warning, and switch without warning). Performance metrics and self-reported stress state (Task Engagement, Distress, and Worry) were collected. While demand transitions did destabilize subsequent performance, increasing intra-individual variability, overall performance efficiency was uninfluenced by either switching or warning. Demand transitions, whether warned or not, increased self-reported distress. A dynamic model of performance stress may be necessary and research employing vigilance tasks in the future may be useful for developing this performance-stress model. 相似文献
916.
Jennifer Stroh William Frankenberger La Vonne Cornell-Swanson Courtney Wood Stephanie Pahl 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(3):385-401
We examined parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and information sources regarding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
including treatment with stimulant medication and behavioral interventions. Responses from parents with a child diagnosed
with ADHD and parents without a child diagnosed with ADHD were also compared. Participants consisted of 146 parents of elementary
age children from Wisconsin. The surveyed parents were aware of issues surrounding ADHD and the use of stimulant medication,
but there were several areas where they possessed inaccurate or incomplete factual information. Parents who had a child diagnosed
with ADHD rated the effects of stimulant medication more positively and side effects as less severe than other parents. They
also rated behavioral interventions as less effective on all questions. Implications of the study are discussed. 相似文献
917.
William N. Robiner Richard J. Seime 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(1):3-6
Psychologists, interns, and postdoctoral fellows convened in Minneapolis May 3–5, 2007 for the 3rd National Conference of
the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers (APAHC): “Psychologists in Academic Health Centers: Traditions
and Innovations in Education, Science, and Practice.” This paper reviews the development and organization of the conference,
which built upon the two previous conferences of the Association of Medical School Psychologists. The articles in this special
issue are based on a selected number of the 32 conference presentations, covering a range of timely topics that reflect the
conference theme. Participants’ positive perceptions and satisfaction with the conference reveal the value of such conferences
focused on the activities, interests, opportunities, and challenges of psychologists who work in academic health centers (AHCs)
and teaching hospitals. Moreover, the content and success of the conference underscores the importance of APAHC as an organization
serving the needs and promoting the interests of psychologists affiliated with AHCs.
相似文献
William N. RobinerEmail: |
918.
919.
The Diabetes Care Profile (DCP) is frequently used to assess diabetes-related quality of life. The social support scales have demonstrated internal consistency but test-retest reliability has not been established. Sixty-three type 2 diabetes patients participated in a telephone coaching study designed to improve diabetes control. The DCP was filled out at pre- and post-test. The test-retest reliabilities of three social support scales (Global, GET, GET-WANT) were calculated. At a mean retest interval of 6.5 months, the support scales showed reliabilities of 0.48 (Global and GET), and 0.38 (GET-WANT). The social support scales of the DCP show adequate long-term test-retest reliability. 相似文献
920.
Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant drug, was first produced in Germany and Japan in the late 1800s. MA use and trafficking have been a problem since the 1970s in the United States (U.S.) [National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC). (2006). National Drug Threat Assessment 2006. Retrieved March 18, 2006 from http://www.usdoj.gov.ndic/pubs11/18862/MA.htm] and have increased in recent years [Office of Applied Studies (OAS). (September 16, 2005). The National Survey on Drug Use and Health report: Methamphetamine use, abuse, and dependence: 2002, 2003, and 2004. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration]. MA is associated with violent behavior yet the nature of this relation remains poorly understood, largely due to methodological shortcomings. The present paper critically examines the empirical literature on MA use and its relation to violence. Methodological issues and challenges are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. 相似文献