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41.
42.
Kahler CW Daughters SB Leventhal AM Gwaltney CJ Palfai TP 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(9):2066-2077
Explicit expectations of the negative and positive social consequences of smoking are likely to have substantial influence on decisions regarding smoking. However, among smokers trying to quit, success in smoking cessation may be related not only to the content of expectancies about smoking's social effects but also to the ease with which these cognitive contents come to mind when confronted with smoking stimuli. To examine this possibility, we used the implicit association test (IAT) [Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480] to assess implicit cognitive associations between smoking and negative vs. positive social consequences among 67 heavy social drinkers seeking smoking cessation treatment in a randomized clinical trial. Results showed that the relative strength of implicit, negative, social associations with smoking at baseline predicted higher odds of smoking abstinence during treatment over and above the effects of relevant explicit measures. The only variable that significantly correlated with IAT scores was the density of smokers in participants' social environment; those with more smoking in their social environment showed weaker negative social associations with smoking. Results suggest implicit cognition regarding the social consequences of smoking may be a relevant predictor of smoking cessation outcome. 相似文献
43.
People can monitor the accuracy of their own memories and regulate their responses accordingly. But can they monitor and make use of another person’s memory? We document a new phenomenon whereby participants neglect a partner’s expertise when deciding whether to defer to that partner’s memory or to rely on their own. In two experiments, participants studied images for more time than, less time than, or the same amount of time as a partner, and on subsequent recognition tests they were directed to maximize team performance by either answering themselves or letting their partner respond. In both experiments, individuals failed to use the knowledge that the partner would probably have a better memory for certain items. Only when explicitly instructed to estimate their accuracy relative to their partner’s did participants take advantage of the partner’s greater expertise. Psychonomic Society, Inc. 相似文献
44.
Brad J. Nakamura Chad Ebesutani Adam Bernstein Bruce F. Chorpita 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):178-189
The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18 (CBCL/6-18) possesses newly developed DSM-Oriented Scales, constructed through
expert clinical judgment to match selected categories for behavioral/emotional problems as described in the DSM-IV. The present
investigation examined the basic psychometric properties for all six DSM-Oriented Scales (i.e., Affective, Anxiety, Somatic,
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional, and Conduct Scales) in a large clinical sample of children and adolescents
(N = 673). Findings from the present study provide strong evidence for the reliability, as well as convergent and discriminative
validity, of these scales. It appears that the DSM-Oriented Scales may provide accurate supplementary information that may
be considered when formulating clinical diagnoses.
相似文献
Brad J. NakamuraEmail: |
45.
Chad F. Emmett 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2009,20(4):451-476
The state of relations between Christians and Muslims can be difficult to assess, particularly on a micro scale. Analysing where and why places of worship are located can be an important indicator of the complexities of inter-religious relations. This paper uses examples and case studies from across time and space to demonstrate how changes to the religious landscape can help ascertain degrees of tolerance and intolerance. These changes can come about through such methods as allowing mosques or churches to be built as a sign of tolerance, destroying or converting mosques or churches as a sign of intolerance, building a place of worship adjacent to another place of worship out of either respect or a sense of superiority, and limiting the location in order to keep the minority religious group in its place. 相似文献
46.
Joshua D. Miller W. Keith Campbell Diana L. Young Chad E. Lakey Dennis E. Reidy Amos Zeichner Adam S. Goodie 《Journal of personality》2009,77(3):761-794
ABSTRACT A recent meta-analysis ( S. Vazire & D. C. Funder, 2006 ) suggested that narcissism and impulsivity are related and that impulsivity partially accounts for the relation between narcissism and self-defeating behaviors (SDB). This research examines these hypotheses in two studies and tests a competing hypothesis that Extraversion and Agreeableness account for this relation. In Study 1 , we examined the relations among narcissism, impulsivity, and aggression. Both narcissism and impulsivity predicted aggression, but impulsivity did not mediate the narcissism–aggression relation. In Study 2 , narcissism was related to a measure of SDB and manifested divergent relations with a range of impulsivity traits from three measures. None of the impulsivity models accounted for the narcissism–SDB relation, although there were unique mediating paths for traits related to sensation and fun seeking. The domains of Extraversion and low Agreeableness successfully mediated the entire narcissism–SDB relation. We address the discrepancy between the current and meta-analytic findings. 相似文献
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48.
Mark S. Rye Dawn M. Loiacono Chad D. Folck Brandon T. Olszewski Todd A. Heim Benjamin P. Madia 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2001,20(3):260-277
This study examined the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales using participants enrolled at a Midwestern Catholic
university (N = 328). The Forgiveness Scale is a 15—item Likert-type scale designed to measure forgiveness toward an of-fender. The Forgiveness
Likelihood Scale is a 10—item Likert-type scale designed to measure tendency to forgive across situations. Factor analyses
revealed that the For-giveness Scale contains two subscales (i.e., Absence of Negative, Presence of Posi-tive) and the Forgiveness
Likelihood Scale consists of a single factor. Both scales have adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Both subscales of the Forgiveness Scale were significantly correlated in the expected direction with mea-sures of forgiveness,
religiousness, anger, hope, religious well-being, existential well-being, and social desirability. The Forgiveness Likelihood
Scale was significantly correlated in the expected direction with measures of forgiveness, religiousness, trait anger, religious
well-being, and social desirability.
The authors thank Sarah Danko, Anne Hovancsek, Carla Kmett, Jennifer Martin, and Colleen Ryan for their assistance. We kindly
request that researchers who use the forgiveness scales evaluated in this study provide us with a summary of their psychometric
data for the scales. The idea for creating the Forgiveness Likelihood Scale was based upon the Willingness to Forgive Scale
(Hebl & Enright, 1993). 相似文献
49.
50.
Meredith's method of extracting a factorially invariant solution is adapted to longitudinal settings. An explorational estimation
procedure is presented which attempts to identify the longitudinal factor components of an across occasion variance-covariance
matrix. This is effected by transforming an initial factor pattern matrix to stationarity. The estimation is performed in
two parts, the first employing a stepwise algorithm to ascertain the dimensionality and existence of the longitudinal components
and the second being the direct estimation of the existing factor pattern. 相似文献