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161.
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory proposed that there is a hierarchy of human needs, which range from the basics
of survival to creativity. Building from Maslow's idea, this paper examines the first level of human needs and empirically
constructs a basics of living (BOL) index for every United States county from 28 candidate factors. The final BOL Index includes
nine measures of air, water, and income. This study examined whether county-level health would be poor if the BOL were not
met. Findings showed a positive correlation between the BOL index and all cause mortality, the fewer BOL, the worse the all
cause mortality. Strikingly, poor BOL is most often found in small jurisdictions (<25,000 population) and less often in larger
jurisdictions (>150,000 population). In the mapping of the BOL index, areas of greatest need can be observed and in multivariate
modeling, highest overall mortality is regional. The BOL index predicts a substantial amount of variation observed in county
overall mortality and is independent of county poverty and quality of life. 相似文献
162.
163.
Little is known about the risk factors for suicide among psychiatric inpatients in China. In this study we identified the risk factors of suicide among psychiatric inpatients at Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital. All psychiatric inpatients who died by suicide during the 1956-2005 period were included in this study. Using a case-control design, 64 inpatients with schizophrenia who died by suicide were compared with a matched 64 controls. The results indicate that the rate of suicide was 133.1/100,000 admissions (95%CI 103.4-162.9). There were no significant differences in the method, location, or time of suicide between male and female inpatients. The number of hospitalizations was significantly larger in the suicide group than that in the control group. In logistic regression analyses, guilty thought, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt 1 month before hospital admission were identified as independent predictors of suicide among inpatients with schizophrenia. The findings of risk factors for schizophrenic inpatient suicide should be taken into account when developing interventions to prevent suicide among these patients. 相似文献
164.
关于道教斋醮,学术界和道教界已在思想和仪轨方面研究得较为深入.如柳存仁的论文<五代到南宋时的道教斋醮>考察了斋醮的历史和特点. 陈耀庭的研究论文:<上海道教斋醮和"进表"科仪概述>、<论"先天斛食济炼幽科"仪的历史发展及其社会思想内容>、<论道教仪式的结构--要素及其组合>,系统地提出了在仪式研究中的结构分析和层次分析的研究方法,在学术上取得了突破性进展. 相似文献
165.
失言探测与理解是一种融入了人际互动,需要个体体会交往双方心理感受的高级心理理论任务.本研究采用图片-故事法探讨失言情境(他人对自我、自我对他人和他人对他人 )对5~8岁儿童失言探测与理解的影响.结果发现,7~8岁儿童基本拥有了失言探测与理解能力,6、7、8岁儿童在所有情境下失言探测和理解能力同步发展,而5岁儿童在他人对自我情境下失言探测与理解的成绩显著好于自我对他人情境下的成绩,提示失言探测与理解能力在不同阶段会表现出不同的发展特点. 相似文献
166.
Cherry KE Hawley KS Jackson EM Volaufova J Su LJ Jazwinski SM 《Memory (Hove, England)》2008,16(7):728-741
We examined memory for pictures and words in middle-age (45-59 years), young-old (60-74 years), old-old (75-89 years), and the oldest-old adults (90-97 years) in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study. Stimulus items were presented and retention was tested in a blocked order where half of the participants studied 16 simple line drawings and the other half studied matching words during acquisition. Free recall and recognition followed. In the next acquisition/test block a new set of items was used where the stimulus format was changed relative to the first block. Results yielded pictorial superiority effects in both retention measures for all age groups. Follow-up analyses of clustering in free recall revealed that a greater number of categories were accessed (which reflects participants' retrieval plan) and more items were recalled per category (which reflects participants' encoding strategy) when pictures served as stimuli compared to words. Cognitive status and working memory span were correlated with picture and word recall. Regression analyses confirmed that these individual difference variables accounted for significant age-related variance in recall. These data strongly suggest that the oldest-old can utilise nonverbal memory codes to support long-term retention as effectively as do younger adults. 相似文献
167.
4~7岁儿童绘画摹写的语义编码特点 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以二维模型为主对儿童绘画编码特点及发展进程的探讨。研究对象为4—7岁儿童,按年龄分为4组,共163人。主要实验有二:一是选择同一实物的三维和二维两类模型让被试摹写;二是选择语义熟悉程度和语义多寡不同的二维模型让被试摹写。个别实验,实验顺序随机安排。研究结果表明:儿童对维度不同的模型绘画编码具有共同的特点,表现出三种编码形式:其一,将模型的各构件分离,各自独立编码;其二,依模型的典型特征编码;其三,按各模型真实形象编码。儿童对不同维度模型绘画编码发展的进程不同。对二维模型绘画编码水平和发展速度比三维模型提早1年。模型语义的多寡及熟悉程度影响儿童二维模型绘画编码。 相似文献
168.
Jenny C. Su Alisia G.T.T. Tran John G. Wirtz Rita A. Langteau Alexander J. Rothman 《Psychological science》2009,20(1):59-65
ABSTRACT— Did the September 11 terrorist attacks elicit a subsequent increase in traffic fatalities? Gigerenzer (2004) argued that decreases in flying and increases in driving in the 3 months after the attacks led to 353 "surplus" traffic fatalities. We applied a more systematic analysis to the same data and found no evidence of a significant increase in miles driven or of a significant increase in traffic fatalities. However, we did find evidence for a regional effect of the attacks on driving behaviors. We hypothesized that geographic proximity to the attacks increased stress, which in turn decreased driving quality. Our analyses revealed that in the last 3 months of 2001, the Northeast exhibited a significant increase in traffic fatalities, as well as a significant increase in fatal accidents involving an alcohol- or drug-related citation. Increased stress related to physical proximity to the attacks may explain the increase in traffic fatalities. 相似文献
169.
Winston D. Goh Lidia Suárez Melvin J. Yap Seok Hui Tan 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(5):882-887
In the present article, the effects of phonological neighborhood density and word frequency in spoken word recognition were
examined using distributional analyses of response latencies in auditory lexical decision. A density × frequency interaction
was observed in mean latencies; frequency effects were larger for low-density words than for high-density words. Distributional
analyses further revealed that for low-density words, frequency effects were reflected in both distributional shifting and
skewing, whereas for high-density words, frequency effects were purely mediated by distributional skewing. The results suggest
that word frequency plays a role in early auditory word recognition only when there is relatively little competition between
similar-sounding words, and that frequency effects in high-density words reflect postlexical checking. 相似文献
170.
Combining theoretical hypotheses of infant cognition and adult perception, we present evidence that infants can maintain visual representations despite their failure to detect a change. Infants under 12 months typically fail to notice a change to an object's height in a covering event. The present experiments demonstrated that 11‐month‐old infants can nevertheless maintain a viable representation of both the pre‐ and post‐change heights despite their ‘change blindness’. These results suggest that infants, like adults, can simultaneously maintain multiple representations, even if they do not optimally use them. 相似文献