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171.
172.
Joanna J. Arch Lauren N. Landy Rebecca L. Schneider Leonie Koban Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2018,31(5):594-609
Background and objectives: This study evaluates the process and consequence of inducing self-compassion during recovery from social performance stressors. Though interest in self-compassion as an intervention target is growing, extant findings suggest that initially cultivating self-compassion can be challenging for those with high self-criticism and anxiety, common features of social anxiety disorder (SAD).Design: Quasi-experimental design.Methods: The current study evaluates the feasibility, content, and outcomes of a brief written self-compassion induction administered after consecutive laboratory social stressors, among adults with SAD (n?=?21) relative to healthy controls (HC; n?=?35).Results: Findings demonstrate the feasibility of employing a written self-compassion induction among adults with (and without) SAD, reveal group differences in written responses to the induction, and suggest that the SAD group benefitted more from the induction than the HC group, based on greater reductions in state anxiety and greater increases in self-compassion during stressor recovery. Greater use of negative affect words within written responses to the self-compassion induction, but not during general writing, predicted lower subsequent state anxiety across groups, by a medium effect size.Conclusions: Collectively, the findings support the feasibility and utility of cultivating self-compassion among adults with SAD. 相似文献
173.
Vivian I. Schneider Alice F. Healy James A. Kole Immanuel Barshi 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2018,25(2):681-687
The present study addresses the issue of whether spatial information impacts immediate verbatim recall of verbal navigation instructions. Subjects heard messages instructing them to move within a two-dimensional depiction of a three-dimensional space consisting of four stacked grids displayed on a computer screen. They repeated the instructions orally and then followed them manually by clicking with a mouse on the grids. Two groups with identical instructions were compared; they differed only in whether the starting position was indicated before or after the instructions were given and repeated, with no differences in the manual movements to be made. Accuracy on both the oral repetition and manual movement responses was significantly higher when the starting position was indicated before the instructions. The results are consistent with the proposal that there is only a single amodal mental representation, rather than distinct verbal and nonverbal representations, of navigation instructions. The advantage for the before condition was found even for the oral repetition responses, implying that the creation of the amodal representation occurred immediately, while the instructions were being held in working memory. In practical terms, the findings imply that being able to form a mental representation of the movement path while being given verbal navigation instructions should substantially facilitate memory for the instructions and execution of them. 相似文献
174.
Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos Luke H. Schneider Kristen Klassen Blake F. Dear Nickolai Titov 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2018,47(6):447-461
Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is often accompanied by therapist emails, but there is limited research on the quality of this therapist-assistance. In this study, an ICBT Therapist Rating Scale (ICBT-TRS) was developed and evaluated to assess whether therapist emails showed fidelity to specific therapist behaviours. Using data from a previous ICBT trial for depression and anxiety, the ICBT-TRS was used to rate 706 emails sent by 39 therapists to 91 randomly selected patients. Emails were rated for adherence (absent/present) and quality (inadequate/competent) on the following behaviours: Builds Rapport, Seeks Feedback, Provides Symptom Feedback, Provides Psychoeducation, Facilitates Understanding, Praises Effort, Encourages Practice, Clarifies Administrative Procedures, and Communicates Effectively. Inter-rater reliability was high. Most behaviours were identified as present in 72–100% of emails, with the exception of Provides Symptom Feedback and Facilitating Understanding which were only present in 54 and 61% of emails. The majority of emails were rated as high quality (88–98% of messages). While not related to symptom improvement, ICBT-TRS ratings were higher when patients were more engaged in ICBT (e.g. log-ins) and among therapists who specialized in ICBT or had a background in Psychology. The ICBT-TRS has potential to facilitate ICBT research and clinical training. 相似文献
175.
Meital Avivi-Reich Klajdi Puka Bruce A. Schneider 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2018,80(1):242-261
We examined how the type of masker presented in the background affected the extent to which visual information enhanced speech recognition, and whether the effect was dependent on or independent of age and linguistic competence. In the present study, young speakers of English as a first language (YEL1) and English as a second language (YEL2), as well as older speakers of English as a first language (OEL1), were asked to complete an audio (A) and an audiovisual (AV) speech recognition task in which they listened to anomalous target sentences presented against a background of one of three masker types (noise, babble, and competing speech). All three main effects were found to be statistically significant (group, masker type, A vs. AV presentation type). Interesting two-way interactions were found between masker type and group and between masker type and presentation type; however, no interactions were found between group (age and/or linguistic competence) and presentation type (A vs. AV). The results of this study, while they shed light on the effect of masker type on the AV advantage, suggest that age and linguistic competence have no significant effects on the extent to which a listener is able to use visual information to improve speech recognition in background noise. 相似文献
176.
To evaluate a model of top-down gain control in the auditory system, 6 participants were asked to identify 1-kHz pure tones differing only in intensity. There were three 20-session conditions: (1) four soft tones (25, 30, 35, and 40 dB SPL) in the set; (2) those four soft tones plus a 50-dB SPL tone; and (3) the four soft tones plus an 80-dB SPL tone. The results were well described by a top-down, nonlinear gain-control system in which the amplifier’s gain depended on the highest intensity in the stimulus set. Individual participants’ identification judgments were generally compatible with an equal-variance signal-detection model in which the mean locations of the distribution of effects along the decision axis were determined by the operation of this nonlinear amplification system. 相似文献
177.
178.
Schneider C 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(1):49-56
After summarising three recent case histories of alleged scientific misconduct in Germany, the efforts of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Council) and the Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (German Rectors' Conference) to promote academic and procedural safeguards in favour of professional self-regulation in science and scholarship are described in outline. 相似文献
179.
Children and their parents who are exposed to medical life-threat due to illness or injury are at risk for developing symptoms of posttraumatic stress. However, the prevention, detection, and treatment needed are often not available in the acute care settings of the hospital. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration have created a set of materials for use by hospital health providers and families that is available for download free from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network website, www.nctsn.org. 相似文献
180.
Goldberg RF Perfetti CA Schneider W 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2006,6(3):214-222
If semantic representations are based on particular types of perceptual features, then category knowledge that arises from
multimodal sensory experiences should rely on distinct and common sensory brain regions depending on the features involved.
Using a similarity-based generation-andcomparison task, we found that semantic categories activated cortical areas associated
with taste and smell, biological motion, and visual processing. Fruit names specifically activated medial orbitofrontal regions
associated with taste and smell. Labels for body parts and clothing activated lateral temporal occipitoparietal areas associated
with perceiving the human body. More generally, visually biased categories activated ventral temporal regions typically ascribed
to visual object recognition, whereas functional categories activated lateral frontotemporal areas previously associated with
the representation of usage properties. These results indicate that semantic categories that are distinguished by particular
perceptual properties rely on distinct cortical regions, whereas semantic categories that rely on similar types of features
depend on common brain areas. 相似文献