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151.
Pedro Palacios Cintia Rodríguez Cecilia Méndez-Sánchez Alicia-Edith Hermosillo-De-La-Torre Miguel-Ángel Sahagún Karina Cárdenas 《Estudios de Psicología》2016,37(1):59-89
This paper longitudinally studies the emergence and evolution of the first symbolic uses of objects in Mexican children. We observed eight children in triadic interaction with one of their parents and 10 objects in a semi-structured situation at nine, 12, 15 and 18 months old. The children began to use objects symbolically at 12 months, and the duration and frequency increased with age. The highest percentage of the total frequency of symbolic uses, of the four levels identified, was level 1. The frequency of level 4, where two or more symbolic actions occur one after the other, giving rise to ‘symbolic narratives’, increased according to age. These data confirm that knowledge of the rules of canonical uses of objects are the meanings which first symbols base themselves on and that children use the symbolic uses that they are aware of to create ‘symbolic narratives’. 相似文献
152.
During World War II, a total of 48,628 Finnish children were evacuated to Sweden and placed into temporary foster care. We studied the long-term effects of early separation among aging evacuees using a mixed-methods approach. The purpose was to understand how the evacuees experienced the evacuation event from a lifetime perspective and to determine the features of a possible war child syndrome. The evacuees expressed problems related to loss of confidence, detachment or rootlessness, and unworthiness or rejection. Feelings of rejection and unworthiness provoked shame in many of the reports. Our results suggest that support interventions should focus on processing these painful experiences. 相似文献
153.
Cecilia Fagerström Christel Borg Cristian Balducci Vanessa Burholt Clare G. Wenger Dieter Ferring Germain Weber Göran Holst Ingalill R. Hallberg 《Applied research in quality of life》2007,2(1):33-50
Life satisfaction is a concept frequently used to measure wellbeing of older people. However, there is still a lack of cross-national
comparative research investigating factors associated with life satisfaction. There may be unique and common factors associated
with life satisfaction across European countries. This study aimed to investigate life satisfaction among people aged 60–89 years
in six European countries in relation to health problems, ADL capacity, self-esteem, social and financial resources. A cross-sectional
study was performed, including 7,699 people aged 60–89 years, in Sweden, the UK, The Netherlands, Luxemburg, Austria and Italy,
participating in the European Study of Adult Wellbeing, using questions from the Older Americans Resources and Services schedule,
Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire, Life Satisfaction Index Z and Rosenberg’s Self-esteem scale. Logistic
regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with life satisfaction in the six national samples. In cases
where people were less satisfied with their life it was fairly satisfactory and unsatisfactory social contacts (Odds Ratio
(OR) 1.5–13.8), poor financial resources (OR 1.7–15.1), feeling greatly hindered by health problems (OR 2.2–5.4) and self-esteem
(OR 2.1–5.1) rather than the ability to perform activities of daily living and the extent of social contacts that gave the
greatest risk of low life satisfaction in all the six European countries. There were both common and country-specific factors
important for life satisfaction in the six European countries. However, the importance of satisfactory social contacts, financial
resources, self-esteem and feeling hindered by health problems seems universal in the six included countries and thus important
to target in preventive interventions. 相似文献
154.
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157.
Sandra S.M. Chan MRCPsych Helen F.K. Chiu FRCPsych Eric Y.H. Chen MRCPsych MD Wincy S.C. Chan BA Paul W.C. Wong DPsych Cecilia L.W. Chan PhD Y. W. Law MSW RSW Paul S.F. Yip PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(6):633-638
Charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong between 2002–2004 in the 15 to 59‐year‐old age group were investigated using the psychological autopsy method. The psychopathological profiles of charcoal burning suicides (N = 53) were compared against “other suicides” (N = 97). The two groups did not differ significantly in the prevalence of DSM‐IV axis I diagnoses with the exception of schizophrenic spectrum disorder which was less frequently associated with charcoal burning suicides. Score on “neuroticism” in the NEO‐five Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) was significantly higher in victims of charcoal burning suicide. There was also a trend toward higher score on “conscientiousness” in the NEO‐FFI among charcoal burners than victims of other suicide. 相似文献
158.
Van Houten R Malenfant JE Reagan I Sifrit K Compton R Tenenbaum J 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(3):369-380
This study evaluated a device that prevents drivers from shifting vehicles into gear for up to 8 s unless seat belts are buckled. Participants were 101 commercial drivers who operated vans, pickups, or other light trucks from the U.S. and Canada. The driver could escape or avoid the delay by fastening his or her seat belt before shifting out of park. Unbelted participants experienced either a constant delay (8 s) or a variable delay (M = 8 s). A 16‐s delay was introduced for those U.S. drivers who did not show significant improvement. Seat belt use increased from 48% to 67% (a 40% increase) for U.S. drivers and from 54% to 74% (a 37% increase) for Canadian drivers. The fixed delay was more effective for U.S. drivers than the variable delay, but there was no difference between these two delay schedules for Canadian drivers. After the driver fastened his or her seat belt, it tended to remain fastened for the duration of the trip. 相似文献
159.
Inglés CJ Delgado B García-Fernández JM Ruiz-Esteban C Díaz-Herrero A 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2010,13(2):730-740
This study analyzed the relationship between social interaction styles and sociometric types in a sample of 1,349 (51.7% boys, and 48.3% girls) Spanish adolescents. The results revealed that the proportion of prosocial adolescents nominated as liked by peers was significantly higher than prosocial with social anxiety, whereas the proportion of aggressive adolescents nominated by peers as rejected was significantly higher than the proportion of rejected-prosocial and rejected-with social anxiety. The percentages of sociometric types and social interaction styles varied significantly according to gender and academic grade. Logistic regression analyses showed that being prosocial was 48% more likely when adolescents are nominated by peers as liked, whereas being prosocial was 41% and 79% less likely when adolescents were nominated as rejected and neglected, respectively. Furthermore, prosocial adolescents were 67% more likely nominated by peers as liked, and were less likely nominated as rejected (42%) and neglected (78%). Finally, being neglected was 83% more likely in aggressive adolescents. 相似文献
160.
Elena Cecilia Rosca 《Cognitive processing》2010,11(4):371-374
The present paper describes a case of a patient with severe Wernicke aphasia, which when tested with a number processing and
calculation battery adapted to his difficulties showed remarkable arithmetic skills. These findings suggest that the patients
with severe cognitive impairments (e.g., aphasia, apraxia) should be tested with batteries adapted to their disturbances because
using a standard test may bias the results. 相似文献