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51.
Anthony P.S. Guerrero Deborah A. Goebert Daniel A. Alicata Cathy K. Bell 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(6):499-505
The quality of youth violence prevention practice is dependent on the quality of education and training of professionals who will care for disadvantaged and/or underserved youth. The authors propose that culturally responsive youth violence prevention curricula, focused on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, should: 1) target institutions that train health professionals likely to serve Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders; 2) promote the professional development of Asian American and Pacific Islander students and enhance all students' comfort in addressing behavioral, social, and cultural concerns; 3) cover specific issues relevant to Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, including the role of acculturative stress, socioeconomic hardship, and other risk factors that may account for mental health disparities; and 4) continuously engage researchers, educators, and community stakeholders in cooperatively and creatively applying new knowledge to clinical challenges. The authors summarize resources for youth violence prevention education that have been used for training healthcare professionals in a multicultural context. 相似文献
52.
Adrian Raine Sohee Park Todd Lencz Susan Bihrle Lori LaCasse Cathy Spatz Widom Louai Al‐Dayeh Manbir Singh 《Aggressive behavior》2001,27(2):111-129
This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address two important gaps in our knowledge of brain functioning and violence: (1) What are the brain correlates of adults in the community who have suffered severe physical abuse early in life and who go on to perpetrate serious violence in adulthood? (2) What characterizes those who experience severe physical abuse but who refrain from serious violence? Four groups of participants recruited from the community (controls, severe physical child abuse only, serious violence only, and severely abused, seriously violent offenders) underwent fMRI while performing a visual/verbal working memory task. Violent offenders who had suffered severe child abuse show reduced right hemisphere functioning, particularly in the right temporal cortex. Abused individuals who refrain from serious violence showed relatively lower left, but higher right, activation of the superior temporal gyrus. Abused individuals, irrespective of violence status, showed reduced cortical activation during the working memory task, especially in the left hemisphere. Brain deficits were independent of IQ, history of head injury, task performance, cognitive strategy, and mental activity during the control task. Findings constitute the first fMRI study of brain dysfunction in violent offenders, and indicate that initial right hemisphere dysfunction, when combined with the effects of severe early physical abuse, predisposes to serious violence but that relatively good right hemisphere functioning protects against violence in physically abused children. Aggr. Behav. 27:111–129, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
53.
Wayne Donaldson Theresa M. Mackenzie Cathy F. Underhill 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》1996,3(4):486-490
Participants in recognition memory experiments are often asked for additional information about their memories after each positive recognition response. Two experiments were conducted that were identical, except that the first asked participants to make remember/familiar judgments about the items they recognized, and the second asked them to make source judgments. The similarity between the recollection and source judgment data has implications for measurement issues and theory development. 相似文献
54.
55.
John McDonnell Diane Nofs Michael Hardman Cathy Chambless 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1989,22(4):417-428
This study examined the relation between the procedural components of supported employment programs and employment outcomes for 120 individuals with disabilities. These individuals were involved in supported employment programs established through the Utah Supported Employment Project. The results suggest that successful implementation of supported employment services led to ongoing employment of study participants in community work sites, increased wages, and ongoing opportunities for workers to interact with nondisabled peers. In addition, several procedural components were found to be strongly associated with successful employment outcomes for workers. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the training needs of supported employment program staff and future research for the dissemination of a cohesive technology of supported employment. 相似文献
56.
Douglas L. Nelson Cathy L. McEvoy John R. Walling Joseph W. Wheeler 《Behavior research methods》1980,12(1):16-37
Norms were collected to determine the relative dominance of different meanings of homo-graphic words. Forty-six subjects wrote down the first word that came to mind for each of 320 homographs. Each homograph, the number of times each meaning was given, and the specific associates are made available. In addition, correlations with other norms are presented. 相似文献
57.
What is free association and what does it measure? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This paper reports the results of a study of free association in which participants were asked to produce the first two words to come to mind. The findings were used to estimate the reliability of indices of strength and set size for different types of items and to model free association as a retrieval task. When confined to first responses, reliability was generally high for both indices, particularly for words with smaller sets of associates and stronger primaries. When second responses were included, reliability declined. A second response added new but weak items to the set, and, when the primary associate was not produced on the first opportunity, it tended not to be produced on the second. Relative to when multiple responses are requested, first-response free association provides more reliable indices of the relative strength and set size for a word's strongest associates. A model of free association assuming that a strength distribution underlies each response provided a good fit to the data. 相似文献
58.
Older adults process emotional information differently than younger adults and may demonstrate less of a negativity bias on cognitive tasks. The Iowa Gambling Task designed by A. Bechara, H. Damasio, D. Tranel, and A. R. Damasio (1997) has been used to examine the integration of emotion and cognition in a risky-choice decision task and may give insight into differences in the decision-making strategies in younger and older adults. Eighty-eight younger adults (18-34 years) and 67 older adults (65-88 years) completed the Iowa Gambling Task. Using a theoretical decomposition of the task designed by J. R. Busemeyer and J. C. Stout (2002), the authors found that both groups were successful at solving the task but used very different strategies that reflected each group's strength. For younger adults, that strength was learning and memory. For older adults, that strength was an accurate representation of wins and losses (valence). 相似文献
59.
Impaired modulation of corticospinal excitability following subthreshold rTMS in focal hand dystonia
Previous studies have demonstrated that subthreshold 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) causes a decrease in corticospinal excitability in neurologically normal subjects. The effects of subthreshold 1 Hz rTMS upon corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition in subjects with focal hand dystonia (FHD) is not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low intensity 1 Hz rTMS upon these variables in control and FHD subjects. We recorded electromyographic (EMG) from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle of the dominant hands of seven control subjects, and seven affected hands of five FHD subjects. We used single and paired pulse TMS to examine motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, short interval intracortical inhibition (ICI) and silent period duration before, during and after 20 min of low intensity 1 Hz rTMS. MEP amplitude decreased significantly over the course of the rTMS in control subjects, but did not change in FHD subjects. Silent period duration was significantly longer in control subjects after rTMS, but there was no change in FHD subjects. There was no significant change in ICI after rTMS in either subject group, despite the rTMS intensity being set to preferentially activate intracortical inhibitory networks. This suggests that low intensity 1 Hz rTMS may have limited application in the normalisation of inhibitory function in FHD. 相似文献
60.
Subtle language processing difficulties may adversely affect scholastic performance, as well as communication and social skills. It is therefore crucial that language skills are monitored following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood. The present study examined language skills in a group of 68 children who had sustained a mild, moderate or severe TBI. Results indicated that during the acute stage a dose-response relationship was evident, where severe TBI was associated with poorest performance and mild TBI with least deficits. By 24 months post-TBI, it was clear that for some language functions, the severe TBI group showed substantial recovery, and at times performed better than the moderate TBI group. Predictors of language and literacy skills at 24 months post TBI included pre-injury communication skills, socio-economic status, age at injury, and Vocabulary, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-111). 相似文献