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181.
182.
Fleishman JA Sherbourne CD Cleary PD Wu AW Crystal S Hays RD 《American journal of community psychology》2003,32(1-2):187-204
This study examines coping in response to HIV infection, using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample (n = 2,864) of HIV-infected persons. We investigated configurations of coping responses, the correlates of configuration membership, the stability of coping configurations, and the relationship of coping to emotional well-being. Four coping configurations emerged from cluster analyses: relatively frequent use of blame-withdrawal coping, frequent use of distancing, frequent active-approach coping, and infrequent use of all three coping strategies (passive copers). Passive copers had few symptoms, high levels of physical functioning, and high emotional well-being; blame-withdrawal copers had the opposite pattern. Of those completing a second interview 1 year after baseline, 46% had the same coping configuration. Increases in the number of HIV-related symptoms raised the probability of blame-withdrawal coping at follow-up, whereas decreases raised the probability of passive coping. Infrequent use of coping responses at baseline was related to greater emotional well-being 1 year later. This result, in conjunction with the high levels of emotional well-being in the passive cluster, suggests that high levels of distress can induce blame-withdrawal coping whereas coping efforts are minimal when social support and emotional well-being are high. Results highlight issues in ascertaining the causal direction between coping and psychological outcomes, as well as in specifying the nature of stressful situations with which people are coping. 相似文献
183.
Functional imaging of the semantic system: retrieval of sensory-experienced and verbally learned knowledge 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper considers how functional neuro-imaging can be used to investigate the organization of the semantic system and the limitations associated with this technique. The majority of the functional imaging studies of the semantic system have looked for divisions by varying stimulus category. These studies have led to divergent results and no clear anatomical hypotheses have emerged to account for the dissociations seen in behavioral studies. Only a few functional imaging studies have used task as a variable to differentiate the neural correlates of semantic features more directly. We extend these findings by presenting a new study that contrasts tasks that differentially weight sensory (color and taste) and verbally learned (origin) semantic features. Irrespective of the type of semantic feature retrieved, a common semantic system was activated as demonstrated in many previous studies. In addition, the retrieval of verbally learned, but not sensory-experienced, features enhanced activation in medial and lateral posterior parietal areas. We attribute these "verbally learned" effects to differences in retrieval strategy and conclude that evidence for segregation of semantic features at an anatomical level remains weak. We believe that functional imaging has the potential to increase our understanding of the neuronal infrastructure that sustains semantic processing but progress may require multiple experiments until a consistent explanatory framework emerges. 相似文献
184.
Bebko JM Demark JL Osborne PA Majumder S Ricciuti CJ Rhee T Osborn PA 《Journal of motor behavior》2003,35(2):109-118
The learning patterns of 3-ball cascade juggling from acquisition until automaticity were examined in 10 participants. On the basis of outcome measures derived from 26 practice sessions and 4 periodic probe sessions, the authors differentiated participants into 3 distinct learning types: a proficient group, an emerging group, and a single late learner. The proficient group was distinguished by how rapidly they learned and automatized performance. Most interesting, an inverse response cost (i.e., performance boost) on the secondary task was found in the majority of proficient group members during the dual-task condition. The present results are discussed in relation to the P. L. Ackerman model (1987, 1988) of complex skill acquisition as is the significance of the inverse response cost finding. 相似文献
185.
Anselm's ontological argument is an argument for the existence of God. This paper presents Iris Murdoch's ontological argument for the existence of the Good. It discusses her interpretation of Anselm's argument, her own distinctive appropriation of it, as well as some of the merits of her version of the argument. In doing so, it also shows how the argument integrates some key Murdochian ideas: morality's wide scope, the basicness of vision to morality, moral realism, and Platonism. 相似文献
186.
187.
Liz France Jonathon Gray Glyn Elwyn Mark Tischkowitz Kate Brain Julian Sampson Cathy Anglim Angus Clarke Evelyn Parsons Helen Sweetland Robert Mansel Peter Barrett-Lee Peter Harper 《Journal of genetic counseling》1999,8(5):289-299
Genetic testing is now feasible for a growing number of cancers. Although the implications for unaffected relatives have been widely described, the impact of the tests on affected individuals are often not recognized. We present and discuss four cases that highlight some of the issues—for example, feelings of guilt and anxiety, intrafamilial conflict, and support needs—that may arise in testing affected individuals. We offer some suggestions to aid in the approach to such testing. 相似文献
188.
Chris Moore Cathy Nelson-Piercy Mandy Abel Douglas Frye 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1984,38(1):1-6
C. Sinha and B. Carabine's (1981, Journal of Child Language, 8, 109–129) claim of a U-shaped course to the development of quantitative knowledge with an early stage of conservation based on functional significance was tested in two experiments. Children at three age groups from 3 to 6 years were presented with the original procedure or control versions in which the display was slightly altered. Results showed that although Sinha and Carabine's result was replicable, their interpretation is unwarranted. Performance in the younger groups was best interpreted as the use of nonquantitative possession or position strategies. 相似文献
189.
Richard Spoth Cleve Redmond Cathy Hockaday Seongmo Yoo 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(6):749-770
Two waves of data from a family-focused preventive intervention project were used to test a model of the influence of protective
factors on young adolescents’ tendency toward alcohol abstinence. Prior theoretical and empirical work guided the specification
of hypothesized effects of the protective factors affectional relationship with parents, affiliation with prosocial peers,
and mastery-esteem on tendency toward alcohol abstinence. The tested model controlled for preintervention measures and included
specified interrelations of protective factors across time. Structural equation analysis indicated that the model fit the
data. Two of the hypothesized cross-time effects, however, were not supported.
Work on this paper was supported by research grant DA 070 29-01A1 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and by grant MH
49217-01A1 from the National Institute of Mental Health. The authors gratefully acknowledge analytic assistance from Chungyeol
Shin, evaluative comments from Rick Kosterman, and editorial assistance from Melissa Reyes. 相似文献
190.
Journal of Religion and Health - Quest religiosity is characterized by an openness toward religious doubt and uncertainty as a way to grow existentially. The current paper examines how death... 相似文献