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241.
Only a limited number of studies have investigated attention following pediatric head-injury. The present study examined sustained attention and processing speed in a group of children who had sustained a mild (n = 27), moderate (n = 33) or severe (n = 16) traumatic brain injury (TBI). No significant differences were evident between the TBI groups on reaction time measures. Results did show that the severe TBI group exhibited greater deficits in the area of sustained attention, in comparison to children with mild and moderate injuries, in the acute stage following traumatic brain injury. This difficulty may impact on the future development of skills dependent on intact attentional capacity. 相似文献
242.
Two experiments investigated the development of the word length effect in children aged 4 to 10 years, comparing auditory and visual stimuli. The question addressed was whether word length effects emerged earlier with auditory presentation or visual presentation, or whether they emerged at the same age regardless of presentation modality. Results provided evidence that word length effects emerge earlier with visual than auditory presentation. The implication of our results is that with visual presentation, 4-year-olds engage in some form of verbalisation strategy that involves obtaining phonological representations of picture names and mapping them on to articulatory output plans. This strategy is clearly verbal in nature, but is not necessarily characterised as cumulative verbal rehearsal. 相似文献
243.
Cathy Caruth Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(5):639-646
This commentary examines the psychoanalytic drama narrated by Françoise Davoine in terms of the dream at its crossroads: a site within the analysis (and its dramatic narrative) in which the dead and the living change places and the untold stories of the patient's and analyst's mothers begin to emerge. Davoine's narrative recounts the emergence of a language in which the hidden stories become entangled with each other as well as the breakdown of signification in which an uninscribed history appears on the scene. Ultimately the analysis turns around an arrest of signification, a form of madness that reveals the violent history at the heart of the exchanges enacted in the analytic encounter. This is also the point, I suggest, at which the possibility of a new relation to history and a new form of address open up. 相似文献
244.
Cognitive models indicate that there are multiple ways of completing the same task. This implicit degeneracy cannot be revealed by functional imaging studies of normal subjects if more than one of the sufficient neural systems is activated. Nor can it be detected by neuropsychological studies of patients because their performance might not be impaired when only one degenerate system is damaged. We propose that degenerate sets of sufficient neural systems can only be identified by an iterative approach that integrates the lesion-deficit model and functional imaging studies of normal and neurologically damaged subjects. 相似文献
245.
Although pregnancy clearly evokes many positive reactions, women's pregnant bodies sometimes inspire negative responses. However, little if any empirical attention has been devoted to understanding the psychological reasons for such ambivalence. In this article we tried to fill this gap by using a conceptual analysis grounded in terror management theory. According to this perspective, because people are motivated to deny their similarity to animals (and the mortal vulnerability that entails), when such concerns are salient, they will react negatively to that which has the potential to highlight the creaturely aspects of humanity (i.e., pregnancy). In two experiments, priming the similarity between humans and animals led participants to respond more negatively to a pregnant compared to non-pregnant Demi Moore magazine cover (Study 1) and to perceive Gwyneth Paltrow as less competent when she was portrayed as pregnant (Study 2). We consider implications for understanding objectification and derogation of women. 相似文献
246.
Emily J. Ricketts Christopher C. Bauer Faye Van der Fluit Matthew R. Capriotti Flint M. Espil Ivar Snorrason Laura J. Ely Michael R. Walther Douglas W. Woods 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2013,20(4):544-555
Stereotypic movement disorder (SMD) is characterized by repetitive, rhythmic, episodic movement and is associated with distress and functional impairment. A range of behavioral strategies have been implemented for the treatment of stereotypies, but research on the effectiveness of behavior therapy in typically developing children is limited. The following case series describes the implementation of behavior therapy for 3 typically developing children (ages 12 to 14) with SMD. Results showed significant reductions in the frequency and intensity of the stereotypies. Future refinement and testing of a behavior therapy protocol is recommended. 相似文献
247.
Previous research indicates that unfamiliar faces may be recognized better if they are viewed in motion. This study utilized a three trial learning paradigm to investigate whether unfamiliar faces are learnt more quickly from moving clips than from static images. Children aged 6–7 years and 10–11 years were shown a series of faces as either static images or dynamic clips, followed by either by a static or a dynamic recognition test. Faces were recognized more accurately when presented in motion, but there was no advantage for testing in motion. Although older children were more accurate overall, younger females performed as well as older children for faces presented in motion, suggesting that females’ face processing skills develop more quickly than those of males. Results are discussed in terms of the motion advantage arising due to additional structural information enhancing the internal representation of the face. 相似文献
248.
The influence of personal opinions and biases on scientific conclusions is a threat to the advancement of knowledge. Expertise and experience does not render one immune to this temptation. In this work, one of the founding fathers of statistics, Karl Pearson, is used as an illustration of how even the most talented among us can produce misleading results when inferences are made without caution or reference to potential bias and other analysis limitations. A study performed by Pearson on British Jewish schoolchildren is examined in light of ethical and professional statistical practice. The methodology used and inferences made by Pearson and his coauthor are sometimes questionable and offer insight into how Pearson’s support of eugenics and his own British nationalism could have potentially influenced his often careless and far-fetched inferences. A short background into Pearson’s work and beliefs is provided, along with an in-depth examination of the authors’ overall experimental design and statistical practices. In addition, portions of the study regarding intelligence and tuberculosis are discussed in more detail, along with historical reactions to their work. 相似文献
249.
Cathy Urwin 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(2):195-200
This paper presents the Clarkson Intervention Priority Sequencing Model for clarification and decision making in counselling, psychotherapy, supervision, consultancy As well as in the training and supervision of practitioners in these fields. The model can assist professionals to differentiate whether the focus for most urgent intervention in any part of the supervisory system primarily concerns areas of Danger, Confusion, Conflict, Deficit or Development and gives examples referring to health psychology and cultural diversity as well as providing some guidelines for application. 相似文献
250.
Nava R. Silton Kevin J. Flannelly Christopher G. Ellison Kathleen Galek Martha R. Jacobs John P. Marcum Faye J. Silton 《Review of religious research》2011,53(3):357-370
This study examines the association between various religious beliefs and practices and fears pertaining to death and dying
in a national sample of liberal Protestant U.S. adults. Data were analyzed from a 2002 survey of members and elders of the
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A) (N = 935). Four measures of religion were tested together in models predicting four end-of-life fears. Church attendance (p < .01), other church involvement (p < .05), and belief in life after death (p < .001) had negative associations with the fear of what happens after death. Private devotion was inversely related to the
fear of dying in pain (p < .05). Involvement in church activities (p < .05), aside from religious services, was inversely related to the fear of leaving loved ones behind. Females tended to
be more fearful than males of dying alone and dying in pain and older adults tended to be less fearful than younger adults
of the unknown and of leaving loved ones behind. 相似文献