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261.
Power TE Robinson JW Bridge P Bernier FP Gilchrist DM 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(3):249-269
In order to assess the levels of distress and psychosocial support needs of a high risk population, we undertook a study to
look at both the objective and subjective levels of distress and the wants and needs of individuals from a high familial cancer
risk population. Three hundred and eighteen individuals (160 affected, 158 unaffected) completed several distress and psychosocial
needs questionnaires (including the Brief Symptom Inventory-18). Sixty key informants were also surveyed about their perspective
on the support needs of this population. In the largely female (90%), largely HBOC syndrome group (approximately 90%), 20%
had significant levels of generalized distress, with no significant differences between affected and unaffected individuals.
Generalized distress was also not significantly different as a function of mutation status. Individuals who received inconclusive
test results, however, were more likely to indicate somatic symptoms of distress. Those individuals who did not have social
support were more likely to be those who had never had cancer and who either had a mutation, received inconclusive test results,
or were not tested. Key informants were most likely to indicate that patients need more support. These results provide evidence
for the importance of establishing regular psychosocial distress screening, including a focus on somatic symptoms, in such
high risk populations. 相似文献
262.
LaRue RH Stewart V Piazza CC Volkert VM Patel MR Zeleny J 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(4):719-735
Given the effectiveness of putative escape extinction as treatment for feeding problems, it is surprising that little is known about the effects of escape as reinforcement for appropriate eating during treatment. In the current investigation, we examined the effectiveness of escape as reinforcement for mouth clean (a product measure of swallowing), escape as reinforcement for mouth clean plus escape extinction (EE), and EE alone as treatment for the food refusal of 5 children. Results were similar to those of previous studies, in that reinforcement alone did not result in increases in mouth clean or decreases in inappropriate behavior (e.g., Piazza, Patel, Gulotta, Sevin, & Layer, 2003). Increases in mouth clean and decreases in inappropriate behavior occurred when the therapist implemented EE independent of the presence or absence of reinforcement. Results are discussed in terms of the role of negative reinforcement in the etiology and treatment of feeding problems. 相似文献
263.
Expulsion (spitting out food) is a problem behavior observed in many children with feeding disorders. In the current investigation, we identified 4 children diagnosed with a feeding disorder who exhibited high rates of expulsion. Treatment with re-presentation (placing expelled liquids or solids back into the child's mouth) was not effective in reducing expulsion. Therefore, we added a chin-prompt procedure (the feeder applied gentle upward pressure to the child's chin and lower lip) for the initial presentation and the re-presentation. Chin prompt plus re-presentation resulted in low rates of expulsion for all 4 children. The results are discussed in terms of the potential underlying mechanisms behind the effectiveness of the chin-prompt procedure. 相似文献
264.
Kees van Deemter Albert Gatt Ielka van der Sluis Richard Power 《Cognitive Science》2012,36(5):842-845
This response discusses the experiment reported in Krahmer et al.’s Letter to the Editor of Cognitive Science. We observe that their results do not tell us whether the Incremental Algorithm is better or worse than its competitors, and we speculate about implications for reference in complex domains, and for learning from ‘‘normal” (i.e., non‐semantically‐balanced) corpora. 相似文献
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268.
R P Power 《Perception》1978,7(1):105-111
A series of seven photographs which depict a real scene as it is approached by an observer were shown, in sequence, to ninety-six university students. The photographs were either projected colour transparencies or black-and-white prints. Two sixes of photographs were used in each set and the series was presented with or without the first photograph. In earlier studies in which blurred photographs were used as stimuli, observers were unsure about their hypotheses. That was not the case in this study. Although individual observers differed widely in their initial hypotheses, the initial photographs were not perceived as ambiguous. It required on average from 2.9 photographs (large, black-and-white, full series) to 4.5 photographs (small, colour, full series) for correct identification. In general, colour is a hindrance to correct identification. For the full series approximately three hypotheses are put forward before the scene is correctly identified. 相似文献
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270.
M. J. Power 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(5):694-713
There are a number of conflicting approaches to the problem of the relationship between different emotions. One category of models focuses on the valence of emotional experience and typically reports evidence for dimensional approaches to emotion. A second category of models argues for the possibility of discrete basic emotions, but typically focuses on evidence from emotion systems other than conscious experience. In the present study, a list of emotion terms was drawn up that were derived conceptually from a set of basic emotions. A group of participants filled out a questionnaire that asked how much in general they experienced each of the emotions. A structural equation modelling approach was then used with the resultant dataset, an approach that permitted the comparison of six different models that ranged from the positive-negative affect models to models of discrete basic emotions. The analyses gave support for a set of five basic emotions but only when these were allowed to correlate with each other. Implications for theories of emotion are considered. 相似文献