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1.
Wayne Fisher Cathleen Piazza Michael Cataldo Robert Harrell Gretchen Jefferson Robert Conner 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1993,26(1):23-36
Functional communication training has been reported to be a promising treatment for severe behavior problems. In this study, functional communication training alone and combined with extinction and/or punishment was evaluated for 4 clients with severe retardation, behavior problems, and communication deficits. The participants were inpatients on a hospital unit for treatment of severe behavior disorders. They received individualized interventions based on functional assessment that included reinforcement of a communication response with the same function as their destructive behavior. Results showed that for some patients, functional communication training was not sufficient to produce clinically significant reductions in destructive behavior, and the combination of training plus punishment produced the largest and most consistent reductions. 相似文献
2.
Wayne W. Fisher Cathleen C. Piazza Lynn G. Bowman Gregory P. Hanley John D. Adelinis 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(1):105-120
Mechanical restraints are commonly used to reduce the risks associated with severe self-injurious behavior (SIB), but may result in movement restriction and adverse side effects (e.g., bone demineralization). Restraint fading may provide a method for decreasing SIB while increasing movement and reducing these side effects. In the current investigation, rigid arm sleeves and restraint fading (gradually reducing the rigidity of the sleeves) were used with 3 clients who engaged in hand-to-head SIB. Restraints and fading reduced the hand-to-head SIB of all clients. However, for 1 client, the addition of a water mist procedure further reduced SIB to near-zero levels. For a 2nd client, another form of SIB developed that was not prevented by the rigid sleeves. For a 3rd client, a topography of SIB that was not physically prevented by the rigid sleeves was also reduced when restraints and fading were introduced. 相似文献
3.
Recent work has sought to use the time at which the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP) first develops (LRP onset) as a temporal landmark to bisect experimental effects on reaction time (RT). Many studies have found experimental effects on the time between the signal and LRP onset, but few have found effects on the time between LRP onset and RT (LRP-RT interval). The primary goal of this study was to produce an effect on the LRP-RT interval. We employed precuing, a manipulation likely to influence motor-programming processes at the end of the RT interval. Subjects performed a 4-alternative choice-RT task in which a signal prompted a button-press with the index or middle finger on the left or right hand. Precues preceded the signals and were either informative, reducing the set of response alternatives from four to two, or uninformative. Besides RT and LRP, we also measured electromyographic (EMG) activity and the P300 ERP component. RT, P300 latency, and the interval between the signal and LRP onset were all shorter with informative than uninformative precues, but the timing of EMG activity relative to RT remained the same. Most importantly, precuing affected the LRP-RT interval. Implications for bisecting RT with LRPs and the identity of processes affected by precuing are discussed. 相似文献
4.
K. Mark Derby Wayne W. Fisher Cathleen C. Piazza 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1996,29(1):107-110
Self-restraint and self-injurious behavior (SIB) are two responses that can sometimes be members of the same functional response class (i.e., maintained by the same contingency). In such cases, a single treatment should be effective for both responses. In this investigation, we examined the effects of providing attention (the presumed reinforcer) both noncontingently and contingent upon either SIB or self-restraint. Results were consistent with our hypothesis that both responses were maintained by attention and suggested that noncontingent reinforcement was a potentially effective treatment. 相似文献
5.
Cathleen C. Piazza Wayne W. Fisher Gregory P. Hanley Kellie Hilker K. Mark Derby 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1996,29(2):137-152
In the current investigation, a modification was made to the preference assessment described by Pace, Ivancic, Edwards, Iwata, and Page (1985) to predict the effects of stimuli when used in a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) schedule for 2 clients with severe self-injurious behavior (SIB) and profound mental retardation. Based on the results of the preference assessment, three types of stimuli were identified: (a) high-preference stimuli associated with high rates of SIB (HP/HS), (b) high-preference stimuli associated with relatively lower rates of SIB (HP/LS), and (c) low-preference stimuli associated with low rates of SIB (LP/LS). Consistent with the results of the preference assessment, the DRO schedule with HP/HS stimuli resulted in increased SIB, and the DRO schedule with LP/LS stimuli resulted in no changes in SIB. HP/LS stimuli were demonstrated reinforcers but did not result in a change in SIB when used in a DRO schedule. Thus, the stimulus preference assessment may be useful clinically in some situations for predicting both the beneficial and the negative side effects of stimuli in DRO procedures. 相似文献
6.
Cathleen Erin McGreal 《Infant mental health journal》1981,2(4):216-225
Although research on fathers and infants increased dramatically during the past decade, it did so largely in a theoretical vacuum. Theories of development emphasize mother-infant relationships, with little attention, if any, given to father-infant relationships. As a result, studies of father-infant interactions tend to replicate procedures that have been used in mother-infant research. While useful, mimicking mother-infant research paradigms may blind investigators to salient aspects of development that are unique to and critical for father-infant relationships. In traditional families, study of mother-father-infant triadic interactions may reveal more useful information about the father's role in infant socialization, than the study of father-infant dyadic interactions. However, the study of triadic interactions may yield little useful information about father-infant interaction in the single parent family. Until a number of methodological issues are resolved, the literature on the father's role in the socialization of his infant must be interpreted cautiously. 相似文献
7.
Toni Alimi Elizabeth L. Antus Alda Balthrop-Lewis James F. Childress Shannon Dunn Ronald M. Green Eric Gregory Jennifer A. Herdt Willis Jenkins M. Cathleen Kaveny Vincent W. Lloyd Ping-cheung Lo Jonathan Malesic David Newheiser Irene Oh Aaron Stalnaker 《The Journal of religious ethics》2020,48(3):349-387
The editors of the JRE solicited short essays on the COVID-19 pandemic from a group of scholars of religious ethics that reflected on how the field might help them make sense of the complex religious, cultural, ethical, and political implications of the pandemic, and on how the pandemic might shape the future of religious ethics. 相似文献
8.
Cathleen Erin McGreal 《Infant mental health journal》1986,7(3):235-241
Robertson (1977), in a study of the meaning of grandparenthood, identified four distinct grandparental role-meaning types that were determined through factor analytic techniques. The purpose of the current study was to determine the usefulness of Robertson's scale and typology in assessing the meaning of grandparenthood to women and men about to assume the role. The responses of 146 subjects were analyzed, and the two factors defined by Robertson were confirmed. Subjects were categorized into Apportioned, Symbolic, Individualized, and Remote role-meaning types. Contrary to Robertson's findings, these types were not related to life style variables, such as education or age, and they did not differ in expectations for role behaviors with the grandchild. This may be due in part to the fact that before the birth of their grandchild, all four types of “expectant” grandparents must relate to the grandchild in a symbolic manner and, therefore, they may rely on normative information to predict future behavioral interactions. 相似文献
9.
Piazza CC Patel MR Santana CM Goh HL Delia MD Lancaster BM 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2002,35(3):259-270
In the current investigation, we compared two methods of food presentation (simultaneous vs. sequential) to increase consumption of nonpreferred food for 3 children with food selectivity. In the simultaneous condition, preferred foods were presented at the same time as nonpreferred food (e.g., a piece of broccoli was presented on a chip). In the sequential condition, acceptance of the nonpreferred food resulted in presentation of the preferred food. Increases in consumption occurred immediately during the simultaneous condition for 2 of the 3 participants. For 1 participant, increases in consumption occurred in the simultaneous condition relative to the sequential condition, but only after physical guidance and re-presentation were added to treatment. Finally, consumption increased for 1 participant in the sequential condition, but only after several sessions. These results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms that may alter preferences for food (i.e., establishing operations, flavor-flavor conditioning). 相似文献
10.
An evaluation of food type and texture indicated that both variables affected the expulsions of a 3-year-old with feeding problems. The results of the evaluation were used to prescribe a treatment (reducing the texture of one food type) that reduced expulsion. 相似文献