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991.
Frank J. Penedo Catherine Benedict Eric S. Zhou Mikal Rasheed Lara Traeger Bruce R. Kava Mark Soloway Sara Czaja Michael H. Antoni 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2013,20(1):25-32
Advanced prostate cancer (APC) is associated with disruptions that compromise health related quality of life (HRQOL). Treatment often includes androgendeprivation therapy (ADT), which results in a range of side effects (e.g., fatigue, urinary dysfunction) that further impact HRQOL. Despite these challenges, there are limited evaluations of the impact of stress and stress management skills on HRQOL among APC survivors on ADT. This study evaluated relationships among stress, stress management skills, and HRQOL, and it was hypothesized that better stress management skills would relate to greater physical and emotional well-being by mitigating perceived stress levels. Participants (N = 77) were 69.7 years old (SD = 9.8), 18.6 months post-treatment (SD = 17.5), and ethnically diverse (65 % Non-Hispanic White, 13 % Hispanic, 21 % African-American). Measures included the Measure of Current Status for stress management skills, the Perceived Stress Scale for perceived stress, and the Medical Outcomes Study—Short Form (MOS SF-36; physical functioning and emotional well-being subscales) for HRQOL. Direct effects and mediation models were evaluated to determine the relationships between perceived stress, stress management skills, and HRQOL domains, controlling for relevant covariates. Stress management skills and perceived stress were significantly associated with physical functioning (β = .24, p < .05 and β = ?.43, p < .01, respectively) and emotional well-being (β = .35, p < .01 and β = ?.64, p < .01, respectively). Regression analyses supported the hypothesis that reduced perceived stress mediated the relationship between stress management skills and both physical functioning and emotional well-being. These results demonstrate that one way stress management skills may impact HRQOL is by lessening ongoing perceptions of stress. 相似文献
992.
Amy Laura Arnold Catherine Walker O’Neal Ted G. Futris 《Journal of Adult Development》2013,20(1):16-26
The current study explores the association between emerging adult females’ experiences discussing relationships with their parents during adolescence and their current constraining relationship beliefs about mate selection. Constraining beliefs about the need for complete assurance of personal and relational success were more strongly held, whereas beliefs that cohabitation improves later marital outcomes, successful relationships require little effort, and opposites attract were less likely to be endorsed. A broad range of topics on romantic relationships were discussed, most often with mothers, during adolescence. What these young adults recalled discussing and how they felt about those discussions were associated with some, but not all, of their current constraining beliefs. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
993.
Sharon F. Lambert Amie F. Bettencourt Catherine P. Bradshaw Nicholas S. Ialongo 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(1):26-44
This study examined the extent to which individual, peer, and family factors predicted the onset of community violence exposure in middle and high school, as well as the indirect effects of early factors. We were particularly interested in the timing of exposure to community violence during adolescence, and thus conducted survival analyses on data from 632 urban youth, followed from first grade through high school. Early aggressive behavior and poor academic readiness were associated with an earlier onset of community violence exposure in adolescence. The effects of early aggression on community violence exposure and victimization were accounted for, in part, by peer rejection and deviant peer affiliation; there was no evidence of moderation by gender or parental monitoring. Findings highlight potential targets for preventive interventions with youth at risk of community violence exposure. 相似文献
994.
John Eastwood Daniel Smile Jonathan Oakman Peter Farvolden Michael van Ameringen Catherine Mancini 《Visual cognition》2013,21(1):159-179
To evaluate whether individuals with social phobia are biased to become aware of negative faces participants searched visual displays containing varying number of neutral face distractors for the location of positive and negative faces. Individuals with social phobia had shallower search slopes for locating negative compared to positive faces, suggesting that they are biased to become aware of negative faces more readily than they become aware of positive faces. A similar bias was found for individuals with panic disorder; but no such bias was found either for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder or for control participants. The findings illustrate the importance of considering the characteristics of participants in the study of human attention. 相似文献
995.
Dr Catherine M. Herba Maike Heining Andrew W. Young Michael Browning Philip J. Benson Mary L. Phillips 《Visual cognition》2013,21(1):36-47
Abrupt discontinuities in recognizing categories of emotion are found for the labelling of consciously perceived facial expressions. This has been taken to imply that, at a conscious level, we perceive facial expressions categorically. We investigated whether the abrupt discontinuities found in categorization for conscious recognition would be replaced by a graded transition for subthreshold stimuli. Fifteen volunteers participated in two experiments, in which participants viewed faces morphed from 100% fear to 100% disgust along seven increments. In Experiment A, target faces were presented for 30 ms, in Experiment B for 170 ms. Participants made two-alternative forced-choice decisions between fear and disgust. Results for the 30 ms presentation time indicated a significant linear trend between degree of morphing and classification of the images. Results for 170 ms presentation time followed the higher order function found in studies of categorical perception. These results provide preliminary evidence for separate processes underlying conscious and nonconscious perception of facial expressions of emotion. 相似文献
996.
A broad-ranging review of the published research literature was undertaken on workplace aggression in clinical medical practice. Prevalence studies have found that 15–75% of survey respondents reported verbal aggression and 2–29% reported physical aggression in medical practice settings in the previous 6–24 months. In comparison, there was limited published research on the antecedents and consequences of clinician exposure to workplace aggression, and a dearth of published research on the prevention and minimization of workplace aggression in medical practice settings. Future research efforts need to investigate workplace aggression from all sources and across all medical clinician sub-populations in the diverse settings in which they work. Specific attention needs to be given to identifying key risk and protective factors for workplace aggression exposure, including in relation to clinician profiles, the settings and conditions of medical work, and the presence of key aggression prevention and minimization efforts, both individually and in combination. The impact of workplace aggression on clinician health, well-being, performance and work participation remains under-researched. Overall, a more extensive and robust evidence base is required to enable informed decision-making on reducing the likelihood and consequences of workplace aggression in clinical medical practice. 相似文献
997.
Surfacing embedded assumptions: Using repertory grid methodology to facilitate organizational change
Catherine Cassell Paul Close Joanne Duberley Phil Johnson 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(4):561-573
This article outlines a 3-year research project that examines the role of performance evaluation and control systems in bringing about change in manufacturing organizations. A key aim of the project was to develop tools and techniques that managers can use to enable them to understand and enact change. As part of an indepth case study methodology, repertory grid interviews were used with both managers and operatives in three companies as a means of identifying commonly held assumptions about a range of work behaviours. The article discusses the use of the grid as a developmental, rather than exploratory technique, thereby focusing on its use as a process through which managers can assess their systems in use and highlight any necessary change issues. It is argued that repertory grid techniques have a useful part to play in diagnosing the key change issues that work and organizational psychologists face when planning organizational change and development interventions. 相似文献
998.
Robert V. Kail Catherine McBride‐Chang Emilio Ferrer Jeung‐Ryeul Cho Hua Shu 《Developmental science》2013,16(3):476-483
The aim of the present work was to examine cultural differences in the development of speed of information processing. Four samples of US children (N = 509) and four samples of East Asian children (N = 661) completed psychometric measures of processing speed on two occasions. Analyses of the longitudinal data indicated that, although processing speed was comparable among US and East Asian children at the youngest age (~4.5 years), it developed more rapidly in some but not all of the East Asian samples. Results are discussed in terms of factors that may promote more rapid development of processing speed in some East Asian cultures. 相似文献
999.
Somatic phenomena in the countertransference have historically received minimal attention despite evidence of their occurrence in the therapeutic encounter. In the field of Counselling Psychology, there seems to be an apparent gap in the academic coverage and clinical utilisation of therapists’ somatic states. The purpose of this study was to explore therapists’ somatic experiences in the countertransference using a grounded theory methodology, based on a sample of 12 participants that was composed of psychotherapists, counselling and clinical psychologists. The results indicated that therapists made sense of their somatic experiences through a developmental process of ‘relating to the body’ that combined stages of defensive operations, intellectual reflections, attributions of somatic ownership and recognitions of various working patterns in the management of somatic experiences. This study addresses the factors that constituted therapists’ processing of the experience, and the findings suggest that therapeutic work may be affected when psychosomatic phenomena as such become undermined and ignored. 相似文献
1000.
Catherine L. Caldwell-Harris Angela L. Wilson Elizabeth LoTempio Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(7):659-672
Atheists are America’s least trusted group, and stereotypes about them abound: Atheists are non-conformist, sceptical, cynical, and joyless, rarely experiencing awe. Atheists (N?=?42) were recruited from the American atheist website and compared to Christians (N?=?22) and Buddhists (N?=?18). Groups were highly similar in their reported well-being, empathy, and other personality scales, but differed strongly on scales assessing Spirituality and Magical Ideation, where atheists rejected the concepts of spirituality and magical beliefs. Responding to the question, “Have you ever felt wonderment or felt as if you were part of something greater than yourself?,” 71% said “yes,” citing Nature (54%), Science, (30%), Music/Art (12%), and Human cooperation (8%). Respondents explained their lack of belief as deriving from a preference for logic and rationality, suggesting an intellectual component to atheism. Findings thus support the stereotype of atheists as logical, sceptical, and non-conformist, but not as cynical and joyless. 相似文献