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881.
Michèle Joulain Catherine Hervé Nathalie Bailly Daniel Alaphilippe 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2011,17(4):382-396
We focused on the direct relationship between job satisfaction experienced during working life and life-satisfaction after retirement. Also we wonder on differences about aspects of the former work evoked as pleasant. These questions are treated by differentiating women and men perceptions, and the perceptions according to age. Data on 396 French subjects, 182 men and 214 women (age range 66 to 98) were used to examine how life-satisfaction in retirement is linked to the perception of former job satisfaction. Other indications of adaptation are retained, as self-esteem or conversely boredom. Results show a) that job satisfaction is a predictable variable for life-satisfaction after retirement, b) that this impact is weaker for youngest, c) a strong similarity between men and women, whatever is their age. We discuss observed links. 相似文献
882.
This study investigated the hypothesis that different emotions are most effectively conveyed through specific, nonverbal channels of communication: body, face, and touch. Experiment 1 assessed the production of emotion displays. Participants generated nonverbal displays of 11 emotions, with and without channel restrictions. For both actual production and stated preferences, participants favored the body for embarrassment, guilt, pride, and shame; the face for anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness; and touch for love and sympathy. When restricted to a single channel, participants were most confident about their communication when production was limited to the emotion's preferred channel. Experiment 2 examined the reception or identification of emotion displays. Participants viewed videos of emotions communicated in unrestricted and restricted conditions and identified the communicated emotions. Emotion identification in restricted conditions was most accurate when participants viewed emotions displayed via the emotion's preferred channel. This study provides converging evidence that some emotions are communicated predominantly through different nonverbal channels. Further analysis of these channel-emotion correspondences suggests that the social function of an emotion predicts its primary channel: The body channel promotes social-status emotions, the face channel supports survival emotions, and touch supports intimate emotions. 相似文献
883.
Wolf E Mehling Judith Wrubel Jennifer J Daubenmier Cynthia J Price Catherine E Kerr Theresa Silow Viranjini Gopisetty Anita L Stewart 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2011,6(1):6
Enhancing body awareness has been described as a key element or a mechanism of action for therapeutic approaches often categorized
as mind-body approaches, such as yoga, TaiChi, Body-Oriented Psychotherapy, Body Awareness Therapy, mindfulness based therapies/meditation,
Feldenkrais, Alexander Method, Breath Therapy and others with reported benefits for a variety of health conditions. To better
understand the conceptualization of body awareness in mind-body therapies, leading practitioners and teaching faculty of these
approaches were invited as well as their patients to participate in focus groups. The qualitative analysis of these focus
groups with representative practitioners of body awareness practices, and the perspectives of their patients, elucidated the
common ground of their understanding of body awareness. For them body awareness is an inseparable aspect of embodied self
awareness realized in action and interaction with the environment and world. It is the awareness of embodiment as an innate
tendency of our organism for emergent self-organization and wholeness. The process that patients undergo in these therapies
was seen as a progression towards greater unity between body and self, very similar to the conceptualization of embodiment
as dialectic of body and self described by some philosophers as being experienced in distinct developmental levels. 相似文献
884.
Catherine Allamel-Raffin 《Nanoethics》2011,5(2):165-173
This paper proposes a new approach for analysing daily activities in a laboratory. The case study presented is an analysis
of shop-talk around a microscope. In addition to the classical approaches, such as ethnomethodology and anthropology of science,
I argue that a microsemiotic approach could be useful to better understand what is at stake. The semiotic approach I shall
use here was proposed by a group of Belgian semioticians: Groupe μ. This semiotic approach leads to a constructivist point
of view: the meaning of a visual representation is progressively constructed and is very context-dependent. This semiotic
approach is fruitful because it allows a very precise analysis of shop-talk recorded data, and gives a better account of the
materiality of visual representations. 相似文献
885.
Pellegrini AD Bohn-Gettler CM Dupuis D Hickey M Roseth C Solberg D 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,109(2):232-238
Sex differences in adults’ observations and ratings of children’s aggression was studied in a sample of preschool children (N = 89, mean age = 44.00 months, SD = 8.48). When examining the direct observations made by trained observers, male observers, relative to female observers, more frequently recorded aggressive bouts, especially of boys. On rating scales assessing aggression, trained male raters also gave higher aggressive ratings than female raters. Lastly, we compared the ratings of trained female raters and female teachers on the same scale and found no differences. Results are discussed in terms male raters’ and observers’ prior experiences in activating their experiential schemata where males’ greater experience in aggression, relative to that of females, leads them to perceive greater levels of aggression. 相似文献
886.
Catherine A. Haden Peter A. Ornstein Holger B. Elischberger Margaret J. Burchinal 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,108(1):44-60
A multitask battery tapping nonverbal memory and language skills was used to assess 60 children at 18, 24, and 30 months of age. Analyses focused on the degree to which language, working memory, and deliberate memory skills were linked concurrently to children’s Elicited Imitation task performance and whether the patterns of association varied across the different ages. Language ability emerged as a predictor of immediate Elicited Imitation performance by 24 months of age and predicted delayed performance at each age. In addition to the contributions of language, children’s abilities to search for and retrieve toys in the deliberate memory task were associated with their immediate Elicited Imitation performance at each age. In addition to language, working memory was positively associated with aspects of both immediate and delayed performance at all ages. The extent to which it was possible to replicate and extend previous cross-sectional work in this longitudinal study is discussed. 相似文献
887.
Acculturation and adjustment among immigrant Chinese parents: mediating role of parenting efficacy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined parenting efficacy beliefs as a mediator of the association between acculturation and adjustment. The sample consisted of 177 immigrant Chinese mothers and fathers with early adolescent children in Canada. Acculturation was assessed bidimensionally as Canadian and Chinese orientations. A latent psychological adjustment variable was composed of symptoms of depression, feelings of self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results showed that relations between Canadian orientation and psychological adjustment were partially mediated by parenting efficacy. As expected, the more parents were oriented toward Canadian culture, the more efficacious they felt in their parenting, which in turn was associated with better psychological adjustment. In contrast, mediation of relations between Chinese orientation and psychological adjustment was not supported, as Chinese orientation was not associated with parenting efficacy and was positively associated with psychological adjustment for mothers only. Similar results were found when the meditational model was extended to evaluate parenting practices as an outcome (i.e., warmth, reasoning, and monitoring). That is, parenting efficacy mediated the relation between higher Canadian orientation and more positive parenting practices, whereas Chinese orientation was unrelated to parenting practices. Invariance testing suggested that the models were similar for mothers and fathers. Results support the theory that higher orientation to Canadian culture may advance feelings of parenting efficacy because parents have the cultural knowledge and skills to feel confident parenting in a new intercultural context. Further, they support the expectation that parenting efficacy beliefs, in turn, are important determinants of psychological adjustment and effective parenting for immigrant parents. 相似文献
888.
When reading narratives, adults monitor shifts in time, space, characters, goals, and causation. Shifts in any of these dimensions
affect both moment-by-moment reading and memory organization. The extant developmental literature suggests that middle school
children have relatively sophisticated understandings of each of these dimensions but does not indicate whether they spontaneously
monitor these dimensions during reading experiences. In four experiments, we examined the processing of event shifts by adults
and children, using both an explicit verb-clustering task and a reading time task. The results indicate that middle school
children’s and adults’ post-reading memory is organized using these dimensions but that children do not monitor dimensions
during moment-by-moment reading in the same manner as adults. These differences were not a function of differentially difficult
texts for children and adults, or between-group differences. The findings have implications for models of adult and child
text processing and for understanding children’s developing narrative comprehension. 相似文献
889.
890.
Scheepers C Sturt P Martin CJ Myachykov A Teevan K Viskupova I 《Psychological science》2011,22(10):1319-1326
In the two experiments reported here, we uncovered evidence for shared structural representations between arithmetic and language. Specifically, we primed subjects using mathematical equations either with or without parenthetical groupings, such as 80 - (9 + 1) × 5 or 80 - 9 + 1 × 5, and then presented a target sentence fragment, such as "The tourist guide mentioned the bells of the church that . . .," which subjects had to complete. When the mathematical equations were solved correctly, their structure influenced the noun phrase--for example, either "the bells of the church" or "the church," respectively--that subjects chose to attach their sentence completion to. These experiments provide the first demonstration of cross-domain structural priming from mathematics to language. They highlight the importance of global structural representations at a very high level of abstraction and have potentially far-reaching implications regarding the domain generality of structural representations. 相似文献