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971.
972.
Catherine M. Wilson Ph.D. Anne G. Crocker Ph.D. Tonia L. Nicholls Ph.D. Yanick Charette M.Sc. Michael C. Seto Ph.D. 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2015,33(1):19-38
Canadian legislation makes Review Boards (RBs) responsible for rendering dispositions for individuals found Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) after considering public safety, the mental condition of the accused, and his/her potential for community reintegration. We reviewed 6,743 RB hearings for 1,794 individuals found NCRMD in the three largest Canadian provinces to investigate whether items from two empirically supported risk assessment measures, the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, were considered. Less than half the items were included in expert reports or in RBs' reasons for dispositions, and consideration of these items differed according to gender and index offense severity of the accused. These items included evidence-based risk factors and/or legally specified criteria: mental health, treatment, and criminal history. These results illustrate the gap between research on risk factors and the integration of this evidence into practice. In particular, we recommend the implementation of structured measures to reduce the potential for clinicians to be unduly influenced by gender and offense severity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Gloria Cowan Charlene Neighbors Jann DeLaMoreaux Catherine Behnke 《Psychology of women quarterly》1998,22(2):267-284
Three studies investigating the self-report correlates of women's hostility toward other women were conducted among a total of 477 college women. In Study 1, hostility toward women was negatively associated with both personal and collective self-esteem and positively associated with hostility toward men, controlling for state anger. In Study 2, hostility toward women was negatively associated with self-efficacy and age and positively associated with emotional dependence on men, but not with self-identification as a feminist or support of the feminist movement. In Study 3, women's hostility toward women was negatively associated with measures of intimacy and life satisfaction and positively associated with acceptance of interpersonal violence. We suggest that women's hostility toward other women not only is an important aspect of women's personal satisfaction, happiness, intimacy, and self-esteem, but also may serve as a barrier to women's progress as a group. 相似文献
975.
Catherine Z. Elgin 《Philosophical Studies》2010,150(3):439-447
Scientific realism holds that scientific representations are utterly objective. They describe the way the world is, independent
of any point of view. In Scientific Representation, van Fraassen argues otherwise. If science is to afford an understanding of nature, it must be grounded in evidence. Since
evidence is perspectival, science cannot vindicate its claims using only utterly objective representations. For science to
do its epistemic job, it must involve perspectival representations. I explicate this argument and show its power. 相似文献
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Janet Kistner Carla Counts‐Allan Stephanie Dunkel Catherine Hardee Drew Corinne David‐Ferdon Cristina Lopez 《Aggressive behavior》2010,36(5):282-291
Sex differences in relational and overt aggression among 3rd (n=176), 4th (n=179), and 5th graders (n=145) from three public schools (n=500; 278 girls) were examined. Nominations of relational aggression increased over time among 4th and 5th grade girls, but not among boys or 3rd grade girls. Among 3rd graders, boys received more nominations for relational aggression than girls. By the end of the 5th grade, girls received more relational aggression nominations than boys. There was also a significant rise in nominations of overt aggression among 5th grade girls, but not among 5th grade boys or younger boys and girls. As expected, boys were more likely than girls to be nominated for overt aggression at all grade levels. The findings are helpful for explaining inconsistencies of earlier research pertaining to sex differences in relational aggression and for advancing our understanding of the causes of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 36:282–291, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
979.
Ahmed A. Moustafa Szabolcs Keri Mohammad M. Herzallah Catherine E. Myers Mark A. Gluck 《Brain and cognition》2010
Building on our previous neurocomputational models of basal ganglia and hippocampal region function (and their modulation by dopamine and acetylcholine, respectively), we show here how an integration of these models can inform our understanding of the interaction between the basal ganglia and hippocampal region in associative learning and transfer generalization across various patient populations. As a common test bed for exploring interactions between these brain regions and neuromodulators, we focus on the acquired equivalence task, an associative learning paradigm in which stimuli that have been associated with the same outcome acquire a functional similarity such that subsequent generalization between these stimuli increases. This task has been used to test cognitive dysfunction in various patient populations with damages to the hippocampal region and basal ganglia, including studies of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia, basal forebrain amnesia, and hippocampal atrophy. Simulation results show that damage to the hippocampal region—as in patients with hippocampal atrophy (HA), hypoxia, mild Alzheimer’s (AD), or schizophrenia—leads to intact associative learning but impaired transfer generalization performance. Moreover, the model demonstrates how PD and anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm—two very different brain disorders that affect different neural mechanisms—can have similar effects on acquired equivalence performance. In particular, the model shows that simulating a loss of dopamine function in the basal ganglia module (as in PD) leads to slow acquisition learning but intact transfer generalization. Similarly, the model shows that simulating the loss of acetylcholine in the hippocampal region (as in ACoA aneurysm) also results in slower acquisition learning. We argue from this that changes in associative learning of stimulus–action pathways (in the basal ganglia) or changes in the learning of stimulus representations (in the hippocampal region) can have similar functional effects. 相似文献
980.
Catherine A. Clement Ruby C. Harris Barbara M. Burns Tara N. Weatherholt 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(4):273-287
The present research examined the effect of prior experience on the distribution of attention during judgments of analogical
similarity. Identifying analogical similarity requires mapping a set of relations in one situation onto a matching set of
relations in an analogous situation. Analogical mapping is difficult when the common relational structure is embedded in contexts
with dissimilar surface features and irrelevant surface similarities. Prior comparison of analogs may help subjects find future
relational correspondences and ignore surface similarity (Markman and Gentner 1993). In the present study, attention was measured with eye tracking, which was monitored while subjects rated the similarity
of analogous scenes. Experimental but not control subjects had previously compared scenes with the same structure. Eye fixation
data indicated that prior comparison did not affect attention to structure-relevant objects, but significantly reduced attention
to irrelevant surface-similar objects. Scanning data showing that both groups scanned within scenes more than between scenes
were consistent with structure-mapping models of analogy. 相似文献