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871.
Catherine E. Amiot Winnifred R. Louis Sarah Bourdeau Oulma Maalouf 《Self and identity》2017,16(6):703-731
This research investigates how group members subjectively feel about their prosocial vs. harmful intergroup behaviors, and whether these behaviors can represent who they are more globally as a person. Three experiments tested how group norms (pro-merit/parity vs. pro-discrimination) and congruence with these norms predicted compartmentalization of these intergroup behaviors in the self and intra-individual conflict. Experiment 1 (N = 122) revealed that participants who conformed to a pro-discrimination norm reported compartmentalizing this behavior to a greater extent than participants who conformed to a pro-merit norm. Experiments 2 (N = 149) and 3 (N = 222) replicated and extended these findings in real and conflictual intergroup settings, also over and above the effect of relevant superordinate norms. Mediated moderation analyses also revealed that following discriminatory norms was associated with more intra-individual conflict, and that this conflict in turn predicted higher compartmentalization. 相似文献
872.
Genevive A. Mageau Robert J. Vallerand Franlois L. Rousseau Catherine F. Ratelle Pierre J. Provencher 《Journal of applied social psychology》2005,35(1):100-118
Vallerand et al. (2003) developed a theoretical framework of passion where two types of passions are proposed: obsessive and harmonious passion. Obsessive passion is characterized by an internal pressure that pushes the person to engage in the passionate activity, whereas harmonious passion is characterized by the person's choice to engage in the activity. The goal of the present study was to examine the outcomes of these types of passion toward gambling. A total of 554 participants completed instruments assessing their passion toward gambling, as well as several cognitive and affective outcomes. Results indicated that, in general, harmonious passion was associated with positive outcomes, while obsessive passion was related to negative consequences. Results also showed that casino activities accentuated both positive and negative outcomes by fostering both types of passion toward the gambling activity. Conceptual and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
873.
Ideological beliefs as determinants of discrimination in positive and negative outcome distributions
Social identity theory proposes that discrimination contributes favourably to group members' social identity. In minimal group paradigm (MGP) studies involving positive outcome distributions (e.g. money), discrimination is associated with a more positive social identity. But studies on the positive‐negative asymmetry effect show that categorization leads to less discrimination when negative (salary cuts) than when positive outcomes (salary increases) are distributed. Using structural equation modelling, this study (N = 279) tested whether discrimination involving negative outcome distributions could contribute as much to group members' positive social identity as discrimination on positive outcomes. The study also tested if ideological beliefs (i.e. social dominance orientation, authoritarianism), measured one month before the MGP experiment, could predict positive and negative outcome discrimination. While the fit of the hypothesized model was adequate, only social dominance orientation predicted both positive and negative outcome discrimination. Also, discrimination on positive outcomes but not on negative ones contributed to positive social identity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
874.
Behavioral inhibition, often cited as a central deficit in children with ADHD, has been shown to change in response to reinforcement. In this preliminary investigation, children with ADHD (n= 20) and matched controls (ages 7 to 12) completed a new version of the stop signal paradigm, the Fire Fighter Game, a measure of inhibition of a prepotent motor response, under three conditions: (1) no reinforcement; (2) immediate reinforcement; and (3) delayed reinforcement. In all conditions, the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) of children with ADHD was consistently longer than controls. Both groups improved significantly with reinforcement, and there was no strong evidence that immediate reinforcement was more effective than delayed reinforcement. However, it appeared that the reason for the changes in SSRT in response to reinforcement differed between the groups. Children in the control group responded faster on go trials, whereas children with ADHD improved their ability to inhibit responding with shorter stop delays. The relevance of these findings is discussed in terms of current theories of ADHD. 相似文献
875.
Anne‐Catherine Defeldre 《Applied cognitive psychology》2005,19(8):1033-1040
Inadvertent plagiarism is a source monitoring error described in laboratory studies. In the present study, the existence of this phenomenon in everyday life and the impact of a variable considered in laboratory (i.e. source similarity) were investigated. Two hundred and two participants were asked to remember an episode involving inadvertent plagiarism in the past, and to describe it. Results showed that inadvertent plagiarism occurs in real life conditions with respect to various types of activities. Moreover, source similarity had an impact on inadvertent plagiarism. In particular, same‐sex plagiarism occurred more often than opposite‐sex plagiarism. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
876.
877.
J. Farley Norman Olivia C. Adkins Catherine J. Dowell Lindsey M. Shain Stevie C. Hoyng Jonathan D. Kinnard 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2017,79(4):1195-1203
We conducted an experiment to evaluate the ability of 32 younger and older adults to visually perceive distances in an outdoor setting. On any given trial, the observers viewed 2 environmental distances and were required to estimate the distance ratio—the length of the (usually) larger distance relative to that of the shorter. The stimulus distance ratios ranged from 1.0 (the stimulus distances were identical) to 8.0 (1 distance interval was 8.0 times longer than the other). The stimulus distances were presented within a 26 m × 60 m portion of a grassy field. The observers were able to reliably estimate the stimulus distance ratios: The overall Pearson r correlation coefficient relating the judged and actual distance ratios was 0.762. Fifty-eight percent of the variance in the observers’ perceived distance ratios could thus be accounted for by variations in the actual stimulus ratios. About half of the observers significantly underestimated the distance ratios, while the judgments of the remainder were essentially accurate. Significant modulatory effects of sex and age occurred, such that the male observers’ judgments were the most precise, while those of the older males were the most accurate. 相似文献
878.
Prenatal alcohol exposure has numerous effects on the developing brain, including damage to selective brain structure. We
review structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of brain abnormalities in subjects prenatally exposed to alcohol.
The most common findings include reduced brain volume and malformations of the corpus callosum. Advanced methods have been
able to detect shape, thickness and displacement changes throughout multiple brain regions. The teratogenic effects of alcohol
appear to be widespread, affecting almost the entire brain. The only region that appears to be relatively spared is the occipital
lobe. More recent studies have linked cognition to the underlying brain structure in alcohol-exposed subjects, and several
report patterns in the severity of brain damage as it relates to facial dysmorphology or to extent of alcohol exposure. Future
studies exploring relationships between brain structure, cognitive measures, dysmorphology, age, and other variables will
be valuable for further comprehending the vast effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and for evaluating possible interventions. 相似文献
879.
880.
This review examines family therapy as an effective intervention for Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in adolescents. An electronic and
manual literature search was conducted. Studies pertaining to family therapy in the treatment of AN and specifically, the
Maudsley Method/Family-Based Treatment were identified. A limited number of randomized control trials exist implicating family
therapy. Of the existent studies, methodological limitations pertaining to small, homogeneous sample sizes are evident. Despite
the limited number of studies, family therapy appears to illustrate probable efficacy. Additional research and funding are
necessary to fully support family therapy in the treatment of AN in adolescents. 相似文献