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51.
Floor M. Kroese Catharine Evers Denise T. D. De Ridder 《European journal of social psychology》2011,41(3):281-288
This series of studies examined the effect of temptation strength on self‐regulation processes in the context of eating behavior. Based on the critical level model, it was hypothesized that weak, rather than strong, temptations yield the most unfavorable conditions for effective self‐regulation, because the negative consequences of the former are underestimated. In line with the assumptions of this model, Studies 1 and 2 showed that weak temptations inhibited the mental accessibility of the weight watching goal, in contrast to strong temptations. Study 3 showed that exposure to weak temptations lead to higher consumption in comparison to exposure to strong temptations. It is concluded that weak temptations, as compared to strong temptations, have an inhibiting effect on self‐regulation processes and may therefore form a bigger threat for long‐term goal attainment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
Adriaanse MA van Oosten JM de Ridder DT de Wit JB Evers C 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2011,37(1):69-81
The present studies tested the effectiveness of implementation intentions with an "if [situation], then not [habitual response]" structure. Based on ironic process theory and the literature on the processing of negations, it was expected that these "negation implementation intentions" would, ironically, strengthen the habit (situation-response association) one aims to break. In line with the hypotheses, forming negation implementation intentions resulted in cognitive ironic rebound effects as well as behavioral ironic rebound effects compared to an intention only condition or a replacement implementation intention. Additionally, it was found that negation implementation intentions are most likely to result in ironic rebound effects when the habit to be negated is strong. Although implementation intentions are generally highly effective in facilitating behavior change even when this involves breaking unwanted habits, the present research suggests that they are ineffective when they have a negating structure. 相似文献
53.
In this article we question recent psychological approaches that equate the constructs of citizenship and social identity and which overlook the capacity for units of governance to be represented in terms of place rather than in terms of people. Analysis of interviews conducted in England and Scotland explores how respondents invoked images of Britain as "an island" to avoid social identity constructions of nationality, citizenship, or civil society. Respondents in Scotland used island imagery to distinguish their political commitment to British citizenship from questions relating to their subjective identity. Respondents in England used island imagery to distinguish the United Kingdom as a distinctive political entity whilst avoiding allusions to a common or distinctive identity or character on the part of the citizenry. People who had moved from England to Scotland used island imagery to manage the delicate task of negotiating rights to social inclusion in Scottish civil society whilst displaying recognition of the indigenous population's claims to distinctive national culture and identity. 相似文献
54.
Catharine J. Jones 《Psychological Perspectives》2016,59(4):478-489
“Coyote Kills the Giant” is an American Indian tale of the Flathead or Salish-Kootenai tribe of the northwest plateau areas of Montana, Idaho, and Western Washington. This story functions as a teaching tale, and it caught my imagination as a lens through which we can view our dreaming selves. I use this tale as an analogue to a dream, applying Jung's four stages of individuation to investigate a dream as a way to introduce how complexes hijack us. 相似文献
55.
Mai Stafford Diana L. Kuh Catharine R. Gale Gita Mishra Marcus Richards 《The journal of positive psychology》2016,11(3):326-337
We examined parent-child relationship quality and positive mental well-being using Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development data. Well-being was measured at ages 13–15 (teacher-rated happiness), 36 (life satisfaction), 43 (satisfaction with home and family life) and 60–64 years (Diener Satisfaction With Life scale and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale). The Parental Bonding Instrument captured perceived care and control from the father and mother to age 16, recalled by study members at age 43. Greater well-being was seen for offspring with higher combined parental care and lower combined parental psychological control (p < 0.05 at all ages). Controlling for maternal care and paternal and maternal behavioural and psychological control, childhood social class, parental separation, mother’s neuroticism and study member’s personality, higher well-being was consistently related to paternal care. This suggests that both mother–child and father–child relationships may have short and long-term consequences for positive mental well-being. 相似文献
56.
Anita Jansen Chantal Nederkoorn Lydia van Baak Catharine Keirse Ramona Guerrieri Remco Havermans 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(2):105-110
Recent work shows that the inability to inhibit basic motor responses (like pressing a button) is related to overeating, weight gain and overweight. In the present study it was tested whether this inability to inhibit motor responses - or impulsivity - can differentiate between successful and unsuccessful restrained eaters. A typical preload and food exposure paradigm was used and it was hypothesized that only the high-restrained eaters that are simultaneously inefficient inhibitors of prepotent motor responses would overeat when confronted with tempting foods. In line with the hypothesis, the data show that overeating follows from an interaction between restraint and impulsivity; high-restrained eaters only overate when they were also impulsive. It is concluded that being restrained per se is not a determinant of overeating. Being a restrained eater only bears the risk of overeating in case of coexisting impulsivity. 相似文献
57.
Habituation revisited: an updated and revised description of the behavioral characteristics of habituation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
58.
Stephen G. Weinrach Albert Ellis Catharine MacLaren Raymond DiGiuseppe Ann Vernon Janet Wolfe Ruth Malkinson Wouter Backx 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2006,24(4):233-255
Eight experts in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) provided personal examples of their own successes and failures in
applying REBT to themselves. The experts actively talked to themselves both rationally and irrationally. Understandably, there
were far more shoulds, oughts, musts, and have to’s in the narratives in which the experts described when they failed to use
REBT than when they succeeded in using REBT. Rational self-talk was more prevalent in the examples of how REBT was successfully
used by the experts.
Reprinted from Journal of Counseling & Development, Summer 2001, Volume 79. ACA. Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction authorized without written permission from
the American Counseling Association. 相似文献
59.
60.
Machiavellianism in long‐term relationships: Competition,mate retention and sexual coercion
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Machiavellianism is characterized by a manipulative interpersonal style and willingness to exploit others (Christie & Geis, 1970). Though previous research has focused on the influence of Machiavellianism in short‐term relationships, Machiavellianism may also influence behavior within long‐term committed romantic relationships. Heterosexual men (N = 93) and women (N = 141) in current romantic relationships of at least 12 months duration were recruited online. Participants completed Machiavellianism, Intra‐Sexual Competition, Mate Retention and Sexual Coercion scales. Regression analyses revealed that those with high levels of Machiavellianism were more likely to compete with same‐sex rivals, directly guard a mate and employ inter‐sexual or intra‐sexual negative inducements as a form of mate retention than those with low levels of the personality trait. Gender did not moderate the influence of Machiavellianism on these behaviors. Findings highlight the influence of Machiavellianism within long‐term committed romantic relationships. 相似文献