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231.
To understand whether young women's expectations of marriage-career role conflict may lead to strategic plans for combining roles and more successful role combination, data were analyzed from 117 women, primarily Caucasian, completing surveys in the Women's Life Paths Study in 1967 as college seniors and again in 1981. Seniors who wanted careers but anticipated conflict more often combined marriage and full-time career in 1981 than did those who wanted careers but expected no conflict. The latter combined marriage and career even less often than did those not initially wanting careers. Those who expected conflict asserted their career intentions with spouses, postponed childbearing, and had fewer children by 1981. Women not combining roles in 1981 most often reported conflict. Women with supportive partners less often reported conflict. 相似文献
232.
Sharon Rae Jenkins 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1997,16(1):3-19
Emergency medical workers’ distress and recovery patterns after a mass shooting were related to their coping behaviors and
routine daily activities. This longitudinal repeated measures study assessed 31 emergency medical workers’ psychological and
psychosomatic symptoms self-rated for the weeks before, those just after, and one full month after the shooting. Coping behaviors
and time in creative activities were related to increased acute distress; recovery was related to more time in constructive
activities. Thinking about the incident was related to higher acute distress but better recovery on several SCL9OR scales.
Exercise predicted recovery on Obsessive-Compulsive and Hostility scales. Studies evaluating emergency workers’ reactions
to and recovery from critical incidents should use repeated measures designs, should assess short-term recovery, and should
distinguish among symptoms. 相似文献
233.
Sharon Rae Jenkins 《Current Psychology》1997,16(1):3-19
Emergency medical workers’ distress and recovery patterns after a mass shooting were related to their coping behaviors and
routine daily activities. This longitudinal repeated measures study assessed 31 emergency medical workers’ psychological and
psychosomatic symptoms self-rated for the weeks before, those just after, and one full month after the shooting. Coping behaviors
and time in creative activities were related to increased acute distress; recovery was related to more time in constructive
activities. Thinking about the incident was related to higher acute distress but better recovery on several SCL9OR scales.
Exercise predicted recovery on Obsessive-Compulsive and Hostility scales. Studies evaluating emergency workers’ reactions
to and recovery from critical incidents should use repeated measures designs, should assess short-term recovery, and should
distinguish among symptoms. 相似文献
234.
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) as a treatment for problem behavior has typically included (a) continuous access to reinforcers at the onset of treatment and (b) extinction. We extended research on NCR by conducting a three-phase preliminary investigation of these components. In Phase 1, a functional analysis showed that the problem behavior of 3 participants with developmental disabilities was maintained by tangible positive reinforcement. In Phase 2, treatment started with the initial NCR interval based on the latency to the first problem behavior during baseline. In Phase 3, treatment consisted of NCR without extinction to determine whether extinction was an essential treatment component. Results showed that the initial NCR schedule based on latency (Phase 2) and NCR without extinction (Phase 3) were effective for reducing rates of problem behavior compared with baseline. Findings are discussed regarding the initial schedule of reinforcement and extinction as components of NCR. 相似文献
235.
Bill Jenkins 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1982,32(2):171-177
Redundancy in the perception of bilateral symmetry in dynamic dot textures was investigated using two-alternative forced-choice techniques. It was found that the symmetry information utilized by the visual system fell within a strip approximately 1 deg wide about the central axis of symmetry, irrespective of the size of the texture at the retina. Outside this strip, the symmetry information was found to be completely redundant. 相似文献
236.
Stephen L. Chew Leah S. Larkey Sigfrid D. Soli Joe Blount James J. Jenkins 《Memory & cognition》1982,10(5):413-423
Music presents information both sequentially, in the form of musical phrases, and simultaneously, in the form of chord structure. The ability to abstract musical structure presented sequentially and simultaneously was investigated using modified versions of the Bransford and Franks’ (1971) paradigm. Listeners heard subsets of musical ideas. The abstraction hypothesis predicted (1) false recognition of novel instances of the abstracted musical idea, (2) confidence of “recognition” should increase as recognition items approximate the complete musical idea, (3) correct rejection of “noncases,” which deviate from the acquired musical structure. Experiment 1 investigated sequential abstraction by using four-phrase folk melodies as musical ideas. Predictions 1 and 3 were confirmed, but the false recognition rate decreased as the number of phrases increased. Listeners were sensitive to improper combinations of phrases and to novel melodies different from melodies presented during acquisition. Experiment 2 investigated simultaneous abstraction using four-voice Bach chorales as musical ideas. Listeners spontaneously integrated choral subsets into holistic musical ideas. Musically trained listeners were better than naive listeners at identifying noncases. 相似文献
237.
Three techniques, sculpting, geneograms, and family drawing are considered within a systemic approach to therapy. Frequently, emphasis is laid on either the activity of the therapist or the behaviour of the family in treatment. We focus on ways in which the therapist draws on the clients' creativity, relying for this on a correct assessment of their 'language' or 'idiom'. Certain assumptions are proposed, and case illustrations are used in their support. Our approach is that any material, or apparently no material, produced when using these techniques represents essential information which can be turned to therapeutic advantage by means of positive reframing. Although a framework within which to practise is viewed as essential, a 'game-plan' will almost certainly result in sterility and impasses in therapy. Therapist flexibility, it is proposed, is a prerequisite for creativity. We prefer to label resistance to treatment as failure by the therapist to recognize the clients' needs. 相似文献
238.
Hugh Jenkins 《Journal of Family Therapy》1983,5(3):359-377
The view presented in this paper is that frameworks are needed to help understand the nature of the organization and problems of severely underorganized families. Some basic propositions are suggested as a ‘rule of thumb’ diagnostic tool. Requirements for healthy development are outlined, against which the family context of many underorganized families is illustrated. It is proposed that the life-cycle framework of such families is essentially ‘two generational’. This has implications for those offering help in these situations, and suggestions are made about appropriate treatment approaches. 相似文献
239.
Richard Jenkins 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1983,11(2):184-196
A central assumption of occupational-choice theory—that young people enter the labour market with initially unrealistic occupational goals which are eventually modified by their subsequent experience of the market, changing from less to more realistic—is critically examined on the basis of data deriving from detailed interviews with 34 school-leavers between May 1978 and June 1979. Two conclusions emerge. Firstly, when one examines the occupational knowledge and experience of the working class and their own perceptions of the careers of their peers and elders, there is no reason why their goals should be described as 'unrealistic'. Secondly, although the time-scale of the data is limited, there is evidence that some school-leavers may eventually adjust their occupational horizons downwards. Equally important, however, is the evidence that some school-leavers may refuse to do this. 相似文献
240.
It has been demonstrated using the "silent-center" (SC) syllable paradigm that there is sufficient information in syllable onsets and offsets, taken together, to support accurate identification of vowels spoken in both citation-form syllables and syllables spoken in sentence context. Using edited natural speech stimuli, the present study examined the identification of American English vowels when increasing amounts of syllable onsets alone or syllable offsets alone were presented in their original sentence context. The stimuli were /d/-vowel-/d/ syllables spoken in a short carrier sentence by a male speaker. Listeners attempted to identify the vowels in experimental conditions that differed in the number of pitch periods presented and whether the pitch periods were from syllable onsets or syllable offsets. In general, syllable onsets were more informative than syllable offsets, although neither onsets nor offsets alone specified vowel identity as well as onsets and offsets together (SC syllables). Vowels differed widely in ease of identification; the diphthongized long vowels /e/, /ae/, /o/ were especially difficult to identify from syllable offsets. Identification of vowels as "front" or "back" was accurate, even from short samples of the syllable; however, vowel "height" was quite difficult to determine, again, especially from syllable offsets. The results emphasize the perceptual importance of time-varying acoustic parameters, which are the direct consequence of the articulatory dynamics involved in producing syllables. 相似文献