A Comparison of Verbal Response Modes Used by Master's-Level Career Counselors and Other Helpers

The verbal response modes of 4 master's-level career counselors, each in middle sessions of career counseling with 2 adult clients, were categorized and compared with those of other types of helpers. Career counselors primarily used information, direct guidance, paraphrase, and closed question. In comparison with data presented in Hill, Thames, and Rardin (1979) Toro (1986) and Levy (1989) career counselors were most similar to Albert Ellis, mental health professionals, psychologists on radio talk shows, and family practice lawyers in that all frequently used information and direct guidance. They were most dissimilar to Carl Rogers, who used more paraphrase, interpretation, and confrontation.     

When Thinking About Work Makes Employees Reach for Their Devices: A Longitudinal Autoregressive Diary Study

Based on the stressor-detachment model, previous research has assumed that work-related ICT use in the evening impairs psychological detachment. However, since most of the studies to date have assessed cross-sectional relationships, little is known about the actual direction of effects. In this 5-day diary study, we implemented a day-level longitudinal model to shed light on the causal relationships between work-related ICT use, detachment, and task progress (N?=?340 employees, N?=?1289 day-level cases). We also investigated the role of unfinished work tasks because we assumed, based on boundary theory, that they are a driving force leading to impaired detachment and work-related ICT use in the evening. Contrary to current research consensus but in line with our expectations, we found that low psychological detachment increased work-related ICT use and task progress. We found no evidence for reversed lagged effects. These results applied both to planned and unplanned ICT use. Furthermore, our results support the notion that unfinished work tasks precede ICT use and detachment. Thus, our findings suggest that work-related ICT use should not be treated as a stressor in its own right in the stressor-detachment model. Instead, it needs to be investigated as a behavioral outcome that employees engage in when they cannot detach from work.

     

Regulatory modes and time management: How locomotors and assessors plan and perceive time

This research investigated the relationship between regulatory mode orientations (locomotion and assessment), time management behaviours and the perceived control of time. “Locomotion” refers to the aspect of self‐regulation involving the movement from state to state, whereas “assessment” is the comparative aspect of self‐regulation that refers to the critical evaluation of alternative goals and the means for achieving them. The Italian versions of the Time Management Behavior Scale and the Perceived Control of Time Scale, as well as the Locomotion and Assessment Regulatory Modes Scales were administered to 339 Italian participants (249 students and 90 employees). The results supported the notion that locomotors and assessors differ in the ways they perceive the control of time. Locomotion was found to be positively related to perceived control of time. In contrast, assessment was negatively related to perceived control of time. Furthermore, the two time management dimensions of setting goals and priorities and preference for organisation were shown to mediate the relationship between locomotion and perceived control of time, whereas assessment proved to be unrelated to all time management behaviours. These findings highlight the importance of regulatory modes for human behaviour regarding time management and perceived control of time.     

A Genetic Counseling Intervention to Facilitate Family Communication About Inherited Conditions

This paper describes the development and implementation of the first intervention to facilitate family communication of genetic information based on a genetic counseling model of practice. The intervention is telephone-based and therefore designed to complement face-to-face genetic counseling consultations. It was developed by firstly reviewing the literature and a model of genetic counseling practice, leading to definition of seven core principles underpinning the intervention. A counseling framework based on these principles was developed through iterative role playing and review, tested for consistency with good practice and piloted on ten study participants. It was found to be feasible to implement and consistent with good genetic counseling practice. Implementation included training of the genetic counselors who would deliver the intervention as part of a randomized controlled trial. Noteworthy deviations from good genetic counseling practice were observed, with unexpected additional insights into the ‘black box’ of genetic counseling that may have wider implications and would benefit from further investigation. The intervention is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial, to assess its impact on the number of family members attending genetic services.     

The Gift-Giver as Social Deviant: Recipient Perceptions of a Monetary Gift

Over a decade ago, Heckert and Heckert (2002) proposed a model of norm violation that identified four deviance typologies: negative deviance, rate busting, deviance admiration, and positive deviance. Using that model, 51 narrative accounts provided by 29 student volunteers were analyzed in which volunteers recollected their first-hand experiences of offering a small monetary gift to both an acquaintance and a stranger. As called for by Heckert and Heckert (2002), our findings provide additional theoretical insights into these deviance typologies by considering the situational contexts under which the actions of the gift-givers were perceived as positive or negative by recipients.     

The effect of preview eccentricity in a lexical decision task

We report lexical decision experiments in which eye movements and lexical decision time were analysed. The results show that nonwords produced more fixation than words, and that the time to make a lexical decision was also greater for nonwords. Further, a preview of the stimulus was presented on some occasions either at fixation or peripherally. When the presentation was peripheral the number of refixations and lexical decision times were reduced. Parafoveal previews of words also reduced word length effects on refixations and lexical decision time. These effects decreased (for nonwords) when the case of the letters was changed in the preview. These results are compatible with the idea that the peripheral preview benefit derives from word visual structure in addition to information about word length, word envelope, and single letter identities.     

Spiritual and Nonspiritual Approaches to Dream Work: Effects on Clients' Well‐Being

Fifty‐one spiritually oriented volunteer clients completed 2 sessions of waking life dream interpretation or 2 sessions of spiritual dream interpretation. Volunteer clients in both conditions increased in insight into their dreams and rated sessions favorably, but volunteer clients in the spiritual condition experienced greater increases in spiritual insight into their dreams and experienced greater increases in existential well‐being. The results suggest the benefits of incorporating spirituality into dream interpretation for spiritually oriented clients.