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Ayelet Ben-Sasson Alice S. Carter Margaret J. Briggs-Gowan 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1193-1202
Some infants experience atypical levels of over-responsivity to sensations, which limit their ability to interact and explore
their environment. Yet, little is known about typical development of over-responsivity during infancy or whether the presence
of extreme over-responsivity in infancy is a predictor of clinically significant sensory over-responsivity (SOR) at school-age.
This study followed a representative sample of children (n = 521, 47% boys) at four time points from infancy (mean ages in months Year 1 = 18.23, Year 2 = 30.39, Year 3 = 39.40) to
elementary school-age (mean age = 7.97 years). SOR was measured via parent report. A latent growth curve model predicting
SOR at school age from the intercept and slope of Sensory Sensitivity between Years 1–3 showed excellent fit with the data.
Both early sensory sensitivities and change in early sensitivities were associated with SOR status at school-age. 相似文献
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Mary M. Velasquez Karen S. Ingersoll Mark B. Sobell R. Louise Floyd Linda Carter Sobell Kirk von Sternberg 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(2):203-212
Project CHOICES developed an integrated behavioral intervention for prevention of prenatal alcohol exposure in women at high risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Settings included primary care, university-hospital based obstetrical/gynecology practices, an urban jail, substance abuse treatment settings, and a media-recruited sample in three large cities. The intervention was based on motivational interviewing and targeted both adoption of effective contraception and reduction of alcohol use. Treatment included 4 manual-guided sessions delivered by mental health clinicians and 1 contraceptive counseling session delivered by a family planning clinician. This paper describes the rationale for treatment; the use of motivational interviewing and the transtheoretical model for a dual-focused approach to behavior change; the development of the Project CHOICES intervention; development of the study protocol and treatment manual; and selection, training, supervision, and monitoring of study counselors. Implications for future applications of the intervention are discussed. 相似文献
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This investigation tested whether racial identity status attitudes moderated the relationship between perceived racism and psychological functioning in a sample of 340 Black American adults. The study utilized 2 approaches to racial identity assessment: the standard group‐means approach, plus a profile analysis of individual racial identity statuses. Results based on the group‐means approach indicated that racial identity did not moderate the relationship between racism and psychological functioning. Findings based on the profile analysis, however, indicated that individuals whose profile type was identified as internalization‐dominant exhibited the lowest levels of general life stress, the lowest levels of psychological distress, and the highest levels of psychological well‐being. Implications for ongoing research are discussed. 相似文献
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Individual differences in the acceptance of stereotyping 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jason D. Carter Judith A. Hall Dana R. Carney Janelle C. Rosip 《Journal of research in personality》2006,40(6):1103-1118
Previous research has documented individual differences in a range of constructs relating to social stereotyping, prejudice, and intergroup attitudes. However, research has not sought specifically to measure a general acceptance of social stereotyping. In the present research, we explored attitudinal, cognitive, emotional, and personality correlates of a person’s self-reported willingness to rely on stereotypical information when interacting with people of different social and cultural groups. In six studies (N = 1080) we found that more acceptance of stereotyping was associated with more explicit and implicit stereotyping of particular groups, less liberal gender-role values, more authoritarian attitudes, preference for hierarchies, higher social dominance orientation, less universal outlook, less complexity in describing others’ emotions, less utilization of emotional information, and more utilization of social categories (gender and race) when rating the similarity of faces, less agreeable and more agentic personality, and more rigid and simplistic cognitive style (all independent of one’s gender). Female and African-American participants were less accepting of stereotyping than male and Caucasian participants. The general tendency to accept stereotyping in daily life is a measurable individual difference that may prove useful in social-personality research. 相似文献
308.
Many theoretical accounts consider disgust to be a unitary emotion, although others have challenged this notion. We predict
that if core disgust and socio-moral disgust are different constructs, then their co-associated elicited emotions are likely
to be different, and time as well as gender are likely to differentially affect their intensity (via a greater reliance of
socio-moral disgust on cognitive appraisal). To test these predictions, participants were shown photographs of core and socio-moral
disgust elicitors and asked to provide a wide ranging rating of their emotional response to each at 3 time points. Each elicitor
generated a significantly different emotional response. Furthermore, the disgust response to core elicitors weakened over
time whereas socio-moral responses intensified. Males and females showed similar levels of disgust to socio-moral elicitors,
but females showed higher levels to core elicitors. Overall, the results suggest that a different emotional construct was
activated by each type of elicitor. 相似文献
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