Sensory interaction: Control of auditory discrimination by visual stimulation in the pigeon

Two pigeons were trained to peck at different keys. each associated with a different tone Intensity. Although the test tones were of the same Intensity as those used during training, simultaneous presentation of a light With the tone altered the probability of correct key choice In the same manner as increasing the intensity of the tone.     

The pay premium for high-potential women: A constructive replication and refinement

In this constructive replication, we revisit a provocative study by Leslie, Manchester, and Dahm (2017). They found that gender and being designated a high-potential employee interacted in accounting for pay and that this resulted in a reversal in the commonly observed gender pay gap favoring men. Our primary aim was to examine important boundary conditions associated with their work by (a) conducting a study using a sample that would better generalize across industries and to individuals who aspire to reach senior management, (b) adding critical control variables to the statistical models used in the pay equation, and (c) by introducing a different conceptualization of the high-potential construct. Also, to better understand the consequences of their study, we considered an additional dependent variable that addressed pay satisfaction. Even after making these model additions, the gender by high-potential interaction term was significant—ruling out four plausible third-variable explanations for the Leslie et al. finding. Moreover, these confirming results were observed using a sample that represented individuals employed in a wide range of industries, who had the educational backgrounds, career histories, and motivational states typically required of candidates competing for senior executive roles. Furthermore, high-potential women did not report higher levels of pay satisfaction, suggesting that high-potential women did not perceive their pay premium to be an inequitable advantage and that there may be limited positive return associated with using a pay premium to retain high-potential talent.     

如何理解作为公共艺术的雕塑

本文主要关注公共艺术中的雕塑，并讨论公共空间、公共领域、艺术家在公共艺术中的角色、观众在公共艺术中的角色等与公共艺术密切相关的几个问题。公共空间和公共领域构成了我们理解公共艺术的基本框架，但是随着电子空间的出现和民主社会的发展，这两个概念的含义已经发生了深刻的变化，这个变化又深刻地影响着公共雕塑的实践和观念。相应地，艺术家和观众在公共雕塑中的角色也发生了巨大的变化。在一个日趋多元化的社会里，当代公共雕塑的诸多发展，要求我们重新思考雕塑的定义并调整我们的公共艺术观念。     

Higher order ignorance inside the margins

Philosophical Studies - According to the KK-principle, knowledge iterates freely. It has been argued, notably in Greco (J Philos 111:169–197, 2014a), that accounts of knowledge which involve...     

Masked priming with graphemically related forms: Repetition or partial activation?

Form-priming occurs when a prime that is graphemically similar to the target word facilitates processing of the target. In an activation model (such as Morton's logogen model), such an effect can be interpreted as a partial-activation effect. A prime that shares letters with the target must inevitably produce activation in the detectors for both the prime and the target. Alternatively, form-priming could be seen as a special case of repetition-priming, in which the prime actually accesses the entry for the target. It is shown that masked-priming effects in the lexical decision task can be obtained for graphemically related pairs such as bontrast-CONTRAST, but not for four-letter pairs such as bamp-CAMP. It is suggested that the priming effect is controlled by neighbourhood density, short words usually having many neighbours, long words having very few. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that form-priming does occur for four-letter words if the prime and target are drawn from low-density neighbourhoods. For a partial-activation theory, an inhibitory mechanism that is sensitive to the number of prime-neighbours is required to explain the results. Of the several versions of a repetition account considered, the “best match” hypothesis appears to be the most promising: this assumes that priming is limited to the stimulus that best matches the prime. It is also shown that prime-target pairs that are related in form and meaning (e.g. made-MAKE) produce the same priming effect as identical pairs, as predicted by a repetition account that assumes a common entry underlying both forms.