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261.
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263.
Richard C. Carson Steven D. Hollon Richard C. Shelton 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(4):257-265
Depressive realism suggests that depressed individuals make more accurate judgments of control than their nondepressed counterparts. However, most studies demonstrating this phenomenon were conducted in nonclinical samples. In this study, psychiatric patients who met criteria for major depressive disorder underestimated control in a contingent situation and were consistently more negative in their judgments than were nondepressed controls. Depressed patients were less likely than their nondepressed counterparts to overestimate control in a noncontingent situation, but largely because they perceived receiving less reinforcement. Depressed patients were no more likely to use the appropriate logical heuristic to generate their judgments of control than their nondepressed counterparts and each appeared to rely on different primitive heuristics. Depressed patients were consistently more negative than their nondepressed counterparts and when they did appear to be more “accurate” in their judgments of control (as in the noncontingent situation) it was largely because they applied the wrong heuristic to less accurate information. These findings do not support the notion of depressive realism and suggest that depressed patients distort their judgments in a characteristically negative fashion. 相似文献
264.
We explored whether rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) share one important feature of human essentialist reasoning: the capacity to track category membership across radical featural transformations. Specifically, we examined whether monkeys – like children ( Keil, 1989 ) – expect a transformed object to have the internal properties of its original category. In two experiments, monkeys watched as an experimenter visually transformed a familiar fruit (e.g. apple) into a new kind of fruit (e.g. coconut) either by placing a fruit exterior over the original, or by removing an exterior shell and revealing the inside kind of fruit. The experimenter then pretended to place an inside piece of the transformed fruit into a box which the monkey was allowed to search. Results indicated that monkeys searched the box longer when they found a piece of fruit inconsistent with the inside kind, suggesting that the monkeys expected that the inside of the transformed fruit would taste like the innermost kind they saw. These results suggest that monkeys may share at least one aspect of psychological essentialism: They maintain category‐specific expectations about an object’s internal properties even when that object’s external properties change. These results therefore suggest that some essentialist expectations may emerge in the absence of language, and thus raise the possibility that such tendencies may emerge earlier in human development than has previously been considered. 相似文献
265.
Carson Strong 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2010,31(2):123-140
Various theories have been put forward in an attempt to explain what makes moral judgments justifiable. One of the main theories
currently advocated in bioethics is a form of coherentism known as wide reflective equilibrium. In this paper, I argue that
wide reflective equilibrium is not a satisfactory approach for justifying moral beliefs and propositions. A long-standing
theoretical problem for reflective equilibrium has not been adequately resolved, and, as a result, the main arguments for
wide reflective equilibrium are unsuccessful. Moreover, practical problems that arise in using the method of wide reflective
equilibrium undermine the idea that it is a viable approach for justifying moral judgments about cases and policies. Given
that wide reflective equilibrium is the most prominent version of coherentism, these considerations call into question the
coherentist approach to justification in bioethics. 相似文献
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Stephen H. Webb 《Reviews in Religion & Theology》2006,13(3):356-361
Book reviewed:
Postmodernity's Transcending: Devaluing God , Laurence Paul Hemming, SCM Press 2005 (0-334-02992-9), 269 pp., pb £30.00 相似文献
Postmodernity's Transcending: Devaluing God , Laurence Paul Hemming, SCM Press 2005 (0-334-02992-9), 269 pp., pb £30.00 相似文献
268.
Stephen H. Webb 《Reviews in Religion & Theology》2006,13(3):432-434
Book reviewed:
The Drama of Doctrine: A Canonical Linguistic Approach to Christian Theology , Kevin J. Vanhoozer, Westminster John Knox Press 2005 (0-6642-2327-3), xv + 487 pp., $25.00 相似文献
The Drama of Doctrine: A Canonical Linguistic Approach to Christian Theology , Kevin J. Vanhoozer, Westminster John Knox Press 2005 (0-6642-2327-3), xv + 487 pp., $25.00 相似文献
269.
Stephen H. Webb 《Reviews in Religion & Theology》2006,13(4):611-618
270.
The authors present their views on the current state of the art for research focused upon religion/spirituality and quality
of life. Because of the undeniable influence of religion and spirituality at the macro-level of cultures, the internal and
external worlds of individuals embedded in any culture are touched by religion and spirituality – even for individuals who
deny any religious affiliation or beliefs. Religion and spirituality has already attracted attention from QOL researchers
across a wide set of disciplines and should continue to do so in the future. The authors discuss approaches, topics and methodological
issues that should be considered when researching religion/spirituality and QOL. Recommendations for future research are set
in italics. 相似文献