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91.
Leslie R. Carson 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(3):327-344
This study extends current research on African American college student achievement by focusing on collectivism, a key characteristic
of African American racial identity. Collectivism serves as the framework for analysis of students’ beliefs about the purpose
of higher education, conceptualization of their roles and responsibilities as students, and the ways that students measure
academic success within the context of a predominantly White university. Given that a conflict between students’ background
and the culture of the university environment can exist, the findings offer educators insight into the unique experiences
and achievement aspirations of African American college students and strategies to effectively mentor and support them. 相似文献
92.
93.
Karen M Gil James W Carson Laura S Porter Cindy Scipio Shawn M Bediako Eugene Orringer 《Health psychology》2004,23(3):267-274
This study examined the extent to which daily mood and stress were associated with pain, health care use, and work activity in 41 adults (mean age=36 years) with sickle-cell disease. Multilevel model analyses of daily diaries (M=91 days) indicated that increases in stress and negative mood were associated with increases in same-day pain, health care use, and work absences. Lagged models suggested bidirectional relationships, with evidence that pain may be the more powerful initiating variable in pain-mood and pain-stress cycles. Of importance, positive mood was associated with lower same-day and subsequent day pain, as well as fewer health care contacts, suggesting that positive mood may serve to offset negative consequences of pain and other illness symptoms. 相似文献
94.
Vicki Bruce Derek Carson A. Mike Burton Andrew W. Ellis 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2000,53(2):289-323
Four experiments investigated how repetition priming of object recognition is affected by the task performed in the prime and test phases. In Experiment 1 object recognition was tested using both vocal naming and two different semantic decision tasks (whether or not objects were manufactured, and whether or not they would be found inside the house). Some aspects of the data were inconsistent with contemporary models of object recognition. Specifically, object priming was eliminated with some combinations of prime and test tasks, and there was no evidence of perceptual (as opposed to conceptual or response) priming in either semantic classification task, even though perceptual identification of the objects is required for at least one of these tasks. Experiment 2 showed that even when perceptual demands were increased by brief presentation, the inside task showed no perceptual priming. Experiment 3 showed that the inside task did not appear to be based on conceptual priming either, as it was not primed significantly when the prime decisions were made to object labels. Experiment 4 showed that visual sensitivity could be restored to the inside task following practice on the task, supporting the suggestion that a critical factor is whether the semantic category is preformed or must be computed. The results show that the visual representational processes revealed by object priming depend crucially on the task chosen. 相似文献
95.
Richard C. Carson Steven D. Hollon Richard C. Shelton 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(4):257-265
Depressive realism suggests that depressed individuals make more accurate judgments of control than their nondepressed counterparts. However, most studies demonstrating this phenomenon were conducted in nonclinical samples. In this study, psychiatric patients who met criteria for major depressive disorder underestimated control in a contingent situation and were consistently more negative in their judgments than were nondepressed controls. Depressed patients were less likely than their nondepressed counterparts to overestimate control in a noncontingent situation, but largely because they perceived receiving less reinforcement. Depressed patients were no more likely to use the appropriate logical heuristic to generate their judgments of control than their nondepressed counterparts and each appeared to rely on different primitive heuristics. Depressed patients were consistently more negative than their nondepressed counterparts and when they did appear to be more “accurate” in their judgments of control (as in the noncontingent situation) it was largely because they applied the wrong heuristic to less accurate information. These findings do not support the notion of depressive realism and suggest that depressed patients distort their judgments in a characteristically negative fashion. 相似文献
96.
Carson Strong 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2010,31(2):123-140
Various theories have been put forward in an attempt to explain what makes moral judgments justifiable. One of the main theories
currently advocated in bioethics is a form of coherentism known as wide reflective equilibrium. In this paper, I argue that
wide reflective equilibrium is not a satisfactory approach for justifying moral beliefs and propositions. A long-standing
theoretical problem for reflective equilibrium has not been adequately resolved, and, as a result, the main arguments for
wide reflective equilibrium are unsuccessful. Moreover, practical problems that arise in using the method of wide reflective
equilibrium undermine the idea that it is a viable approach for justifying moral judgments about cases and policies. Given
that wide reflective equilibrium is the most prominent version of coherentism, these considerations call into question the
coherentist approach to justification in bioethics. 相似文献
97.
Robin D. Taylor Howie J. Carson Dave Collins 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2018,30(3):272-287
Recent studies have begun to explore the potentially positive impact of siblings on sporting talent development. This study aimed to explore potential mechanisms through which siblings impact on this process. Bimonthly interviews were conducted with 4 families over a 1-year period (parents and siblings; N = 14) during the talent development process. Findings revealed several themes (regularity of interaction, emotional interpersonal skills, rivalry, resilience, and separation) aligning with previous studies, alongside two new themes: communication and skill development. The study's longitudinal nature exposed important differences of potential mechanisms across families, highlighting the complex nature of the sibling relationship. 相似文献
98.
The role of attachment‐related individual differences in goal adoption for serial arguments 下载免费PDF全文
This study investigated the relations between attachment‐related individual differences and the adoption of interpersonal goals for conflict in romantic relationships. Additionally, it used the truth and bias model to examine how biased and accurate people are in judging their partner's endorsement of conflict goals, as well as how attachment‐related individual differences moderate this bias and accuracy. Ninety‐four romantic couples completed a measure of attachment‐related individual differences and self ‐ and informant reports of interpersonal conflict goals. Results revealed that individuals endorsed conflict goals consistent with their attachment orientations. Furthermore, they displayed biases when estimating their partner's goals, with some of these biases relating to attachment orientations. These results suggest that attachment‐related individual differences may partially guide conflict‐related goals and partner perceptions. 相似文献
99.
Sitting still while trying to pay attention implicitly reinforces the idea that to pay attention one should focus on a single aspect of the stimulus. Movement encourages attending to different aspects of the stimulus and as such is hypothesized to increase attention. We tested this with students from a traditional and a nontraditional school. Students were asked to observe and recall landmarks on a map. Students from the traditional school who viewed the map from multiple perspectives remembered more landmarks and locations than students who viewed the map from a single perspective. Students from a nontraditional school who are accustomed to movement while learning, did not show this effect. The experiment is discussed in terms of mindfulness theory. 相似文献
100.