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91.
Carrie E Bearden Abbas F Jawad David R Lynch John R Monterossso Set Sokol Donna M McDonald-McGinn Sulagna C Saitta Stacy E Harris Edward Moss Paul P Wang Elaine Zackai Beverly S Emanuel Tony J Simon 《Child neuropsychology》2005,11(1):109-117
The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome) is associated with elevated rates of psychosis, and is also characterized by severe attentional difficulties and executive dysfunction. Behavioral manifestations of this syndrome could result from haploinsufficiency of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, located within the 22q11 region. The goal of the present study was to examine COMT genotype in relation to behavioral symptomatology in this syndrome. Val158/108Met was genotyped in 38 patients (16 Met/-, 22 Val/-) with confirmed 22q11.2 deletions who had received the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as part of a comprehensive evaluation. Results indicated that the Val genotype was associated with significantly greater internalizing and externalizing behavioral symptomatology in children with 22q11.2 deletions. Val allele status was associated with a greater-than-four-fold increase in risk for clinically significant behavior problems in children with this syndrome. These data are consistent with previous findings of increased psychopathology associated with the Val genotype in normal individuals and suggest that a functional genetic polymorphism in the 22q11 region may influence behavior in individuals with COMT haploinsufficiency. 相似文献
92.
Tristram Smith Daniel W. Mruzek Leigh Ann Wheat Carrie Hughes 《Behavioral Interventions》2006,21(4):245-263
Three procedures for correcting errors made during discrimination training were examined: error statement (saying ‘no’), modeling the correct response, and No Feedback. Six children with autism (age 3–7 years) were taught to match words to pictures with each of the three procedures, and the number of trials to mastery was compared across conditions. Results varied across participants. Two participants performed as well with no feedback as they did with an error correction procedure; two acquired skills slightly more quickly with an error correction procedure than with no feedback, but showed no difference between error correction procedures; one did best with error statement; and one did best with modeling. Results indicate that the choice of error correction procedure can have a large effect on rate of skill acquisition but that the optimal procedure may vary across individuals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Kathleen A. McNamara Carrie L. Lucas Jeremy T. Goldbach Sara Kintzle Carl A. Castro 《Military psychology》2019,31(2):91-99
Despite evidence showing that bisexual individuals may be at greater risk for mental health issues than lesbian and gay individuals, they are often combined into a single group, with lesbian and gay individuals the actual focus of the research. This study aims to address this gap in the literature among US Veterans. Using data collected from a multicity purposive sample (N = 4,493), logistic regression was used to analyze whether the following groups differ in current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression: (a) bisexual (n = 101) vs. heterosexual Veterans (n = 4,271); (b) bisexual vs. lesbian/gay Veterans (n = 121); (c) lesbian/gay vs. heterosexual Veterans; and (d) combined group of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB; n = 222) vs. heterosexual Veterans. Controlling for significant covariates, bisexual Veterans had 2.5 times the risk of severe depression (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34–4.67; p = 0.004) and 2.3 times the odds of PTSD (95% CI = 1.40–3.77; p = 0.001) relative to heterosexual Veterans. Bisexual Veterans had 3 times the risk of severe depression (95% CI = 1.22–7.44; p = 0.017) and 1.9 times the risk of PTSD (95% CI = 1.02–3.70; p = 0.045) compared to lesbian/gay Veterans. Lesbian/gay Veterans had no significant difference in risk for depression compared to heterosexual Veterans. However, the combined group of LGB Veterans had 1.6 times the odds of PTSD (95% CI = 1.12–2.15; p = 0.008) compared to heterosexual Veterans. These findings suggest that past research showing mental health disparities between LGB and heterosexual individuals may be driven by the inclusion of bisexual individuals. Research should assess bisexual individuals as a distinct group, and future studies should explore factors leading to depression and PTSD among bisexual Veterans. 相似文献
94.
Carrie La Ferle Sidharth Muralidharan 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2019,58(4):874-890
Domestic violence is an ongoing health issue around the world, propelling individuals and organizations to seek out new and innovative ways to mitigate its widespread reach. Focusing on the potential of religion to positively impact messaging, the current study examines how Christian symbolism might be used to encourage intervention behavior using public service announcements (PSAs). Using a between‐subjects design of Christian Americans as the respondent pool, a religious symbol versus a control ad was utilized. Levels of religiosity were also measured and factors impacting the construct assessed. Findings revealed religiosity, the importance of religion in one's life, was the underlying motivator for highly religious people to act rather than a religious cue. Within religiosity, the perceived strength of faith to one's identity held greater value than church attendance and frequency of prayer. Theoretical implications are discussed as well as insights for people working in public service messaging. 相似文献
95.
Heather M. Claypool Carrie E. Hall Teresa Garcia-Marques 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(3):721-728
We investigated the positivity-cues-familiarity effect and the hypothesis that it is caused by a misattribution of positivity to a sense of familiarity. Participants were put in a positive or neutral mood state, and then either did or did not complete a mood-manipulation check question. Participants then rendered old/new judgments of stimuli to which they allegedly had been subliminally exposed. When participants did not complete the mood-manipulation check question, and thus the source of their affect was unclear, they showed the positivity-cues-familiarity effect: those in a positive mood identified more of the stimuli as old than did those in a neutral mood. However, those who had completed the mood-manipulation check question, and for whom the source of their affect was obvious, did not show the positivity-cues-familiarity effect. These findings support the notion that a misattribution process is responsible for the positivity-cues-familiarity effect. 相似文献
96.
David A. Wilder Carrie Ellsworth Holly White Keven Schock 《Behavioral Interventions》2003,18(2):151-160
Three methods of assessing preference for stimuli were compared in four adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. During phase 1, a survey method, a verbal stimulus choice method, and a pictorial stimulus choice method of assessing preference for four categories of stimuli were administered. During phase 2, a coupon system was used to determine which categories of stimuli actually functioned as reinforcers for each participant. Comparisons between the three preference assessment methods were then conducted based on the results of the reinforcer assessment. Results showed that, overall, there were few differences in total accuracy among the preference assessment procedures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
97.
David A. Wilder Paige Wilson Carrie Ellsworth Paul W. Heering 《Behavioral Interventions》2003,18(3):191-198
Verbal stimulus preference assessments were compared with tangible stimulus preference assessments for four adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In the verbal assessment, participants were asked, ‘Do you want X or Y?’, the items were not present, and the participant chose an item verbally. In the tangible assessment, pairs of items were placed in front of the participant and s/he was asked to choose by approaching the stimuli. The two assessment methods yielded identical highest preference items for three of the four participants and identical lowest preference items for all participants. In addition, the verbal assessment method took less time to complete than the tangible assessment method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
98.
Jim Blascovich Mark D Seery Carrie A Mugridge R.Kyle Norris Max Weisbuch 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2004,40(5):683-688
This study examined the relationship between pre-performance motivational states (challenge vs. threat) and subsequent performance in athletic competition. Prior to the season, college baseball and softball players imagined and gave a speech about a specific baseball/softball playing situation while cardiovascular indexes of challenge and threat were recorded. These physiological challenge/threat indexes significantly predicted athletic performance during the subsequent season, such that players who experienced challenge in the laboratory performed better relative to those who experienced threat. The implications for personnel selection and the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat are discussed. 相似文献
99.
John Patton George Fitchet Carrie Doehring Ph.D. Henry T. Close Arlene Brewster PhD Theodore R. Stoneberg Ph.D. Gary C. Augustin Ph.D. Charles Hart Homer Bain Ph.D. James B. Ashbrook Stuart A. Plummer Alexandra M. Hepburn Ph.D. 《Pastoral Psychology》1994,42(5):365-391
Private Practice Youngstown, Ohio 44512 相似文献
100.
Leslie Sim Stephen P. Whiteside Carrie A. Dittner Michael Mellon 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(4):408-417
Interventions that mobilize the parents to coach and reinforce their children's social skills have been shown to improve children's social functioning and decrease inappropriate social behaviors in the home and at school. However, few studies have examined whether these treatment outcomes can be successfully transferred from the research to the clinical setting. We examined the effectiveness of a 12-session manualized social skills intervention involving parent participation. As part of regular clinical practice, measures of children's social skills, self-control, and psychopathology were collected pre- and post-treatment. Findings suggest that parent ratings of children's social skills and self-control improved and aggressive behavior decreased. 相似文献