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821.
In the classic Miners case, an agent subjectively ought to do what they know is objectively wrong. This case shows that the subjective and objective ‘oughts’ are somewhat independent. But there remains a powerful intuition that the guidance of objective ‘oughts’ is more authoritative—so long as we know what they tell us. We argue that this intuition must be given up in light of a monotonicity principle, which undercuts the rationale for saying that objective ‘oughts’ are an authoritative guide for agents and advisors. 相似文献
822.
Manuel Alcaraz-Ibáñez Adrian Paterna Mark D. Griffiths Álvaro Sicilia 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2020,61(6):803-808
The present study extends previous research by examining the moderating/mediating role of social physique anxiety (SPA) on the relationship between physical appearance comparisons (PAC) and symptoms of disordered eating (DE) in adolescent population. A total of 555 emerging adults (59% women) ranging from 18 to 30 years of age (M = 21.34, SD = 2.80) were recruited from two public universities from Spain using a non-probabilistic sampling technique. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire comprising the variables of research interest. Once the effects of sex (i.e., being men or women), age, body mass index, and depressive symptoms were controlled for, the results from bootstrapping cross-sectional regression analyses supported both the moderating and mediating effect of SPA on the relationship between PAC and DE. Sex did not moderate any of these relationships. From these findings, it follows that incorporating strategies aimed at decreasing PAC and SPA may contribute to improved prevention efforts aimed at decreasing DE among Spanish emerging adults of both sexes. 相似文献
823.
The role of spatial attention and other processes on the magnitude and time course of cueing effects
We are quite often exposed to multiple objects present in the visual scene, thus attentional selection is necessary in order
to selectively respond to the relevant information. Objects can be selected on the basis of the location they occupy by orienting
attention in space. In this paper, we review the evidence showing that attention can be oriented in space either endogenously,
on the basis of central cues, predictive of the relevant location, or exogenously, automatically triggered by the salient
properties of visual stimuli (peripheral cues). Several dissociations observed between orienting on the basis of the two types
of cues have led to the conclusion that they do not represent just two modes of triggering the orienting of the very same
attentional mechanism, but rather they modulate processing differently. We present a theoretical framework according to which
endogenous predictive cues facilitate target processing by orienting attention, thus amplifying processing at the attended
location. In contrast, apart from attentional orienting, peripherally presented discrepant cues might trigger additional cue-target
event-integration and event-segregation processes, which modulate processing in a different way, thus leading to cueing effects
that are exclusively triggered by peripheral cues. 相似文献
824.
Muñoz M Panadero S Santos EP Quiroga MA 《American journal of community psychology》2005,35(1-2):35-47
The present paper describes the results of an analysis of individual differences—using multidimensional strategies—in stressful life event data collected from a representative sample of homeless people (N = 289) in Madrid, Spain, which revealed the existence of three subgroups within the sample. Each subgroup can be defined by the following differentiating characteristics: The first cluster (n = 124) was characterized by economic problems; the second (n = 80) by health problems, alcohol abuse, and death of one or both parents; and the third cluster (n = 50) by an accumulation of stressful life in childhood events and alcohol abuse. In order to define the subgroups, the article also examines the differences found in other variables such as total duration of homelessness, mental and physical health status, and social support availability, among others. The existence of such subgroups within the homeless population emphasizes the importance of designing different interventions for each of these groups, adapted to their diverse needs. 相似文献
825.
Mercado E Orduña I Nowak JM 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2005,119(1):90-98
Little research has explored the auditory categorization abilities of mammals. To better understand these processes, the authors tested the abilities of rats (Rattus norvegicus) to categorize multidimensional acoustic stimuli by using a classic category-learning task developed by R. N. Shepard, C. I. Hovland, and H. M. Jenkins (1961). Rats proved to be able to categorize 8 complex sounds on the basis of either the direction or rate of frequency modulation but not on the basis of the range of frequency modulation. Rats' categorization abilities were limited but improved slowly and incrementally, suggesting that learning was not facilitated by selective attention to acoustic dimensions. 相似文献
826.
Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Michael E. Brown Linda K. Trevio David A. Harrison 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2005,97(2):214-134
Leaders should be a key source of ethical guidance for employees. Yet, little empirical research focuses on an ethical dimension of leadership. We propose social learning theory as a theoretical basis for understanding ethical leadership and offer a constitutive definition of the ethical leadership construct. In seven interlocking studies, we investigate the viability and importance of this construct. We develop and test a new instrument to measure ethical leadership, examine the proposed connections of ethical leadership with other constructs in a nomological network, and demonstrate its predictive validity for important employee outcomes. Specifically, ethical leadership is related to consideration behavior, honesty, trust in the leader, interactional fairness, socialized charismatic leadership (as measured by the idealized influence dimension of transformational leadership), and abusive supervision, but is not subsumed by any of these. Finally, ethical leadership predicts outcomes such as perceived effectiveness of leaders, followers’ job satisfaction and dedication, and their willingness to report problems to management. 相似文献
827.
Longitudinal Effects of Latino Parent Cultural Stress,Depressive Symptoms,and Family Functioning on Youth Emotional Well‐Being and Health Risk Behaviors 下载免费PDF全文
Elma I. Lorenzo‐Blanco Alan Meca Jennifer B. Unger Andrea Romero José Szapocznik Brandy Piña‐Watson Miguel Ángel Cano Byron L. Zamboanga Lourdes Baezconde‐Garbanati Sabrina E. Des Rosiers Daniel W. Soto Juan A. Villamar Karina M. Lizzi Monica Pattarroyo Seth J. Schwartz 《Family process》2017,56(4):981-996
U.S. Latino parents can face cultural stressors in the form of acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and a negative context of reception. It stands to reason that these cultural stressors may negatively impact Latino youth's emotional well‐being and health risk behaviors by increasing parents' depressive symptoms and compromising the overall functioning of the family. To test this possibility, we analyzed data from a six‐wave longitudinal study with 302 recently immigrated (<5 years in the United States) Latino parents (74% mothers, Mage = 41.09 years) and their adolescent children (47% female, Mage = 14.51 years). Results of a cross‐lagged analysis indicated that parent cultural stress predicted greater parent depressive symptoms (and not vice versa). Both parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms, in turn, predicted lower parent‐reported family functioning, which mediated the links from parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms to youth alcohol and cigarette use. Parent cultural stress also predicted lower youth‐reported family functioning, which mediated the link from parent cultural stress to youth self‐esteem. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that parent cultural stress predicted youth alcohol use by a way of parent depressive symptoms and parent‐reported family functioning. Our findings point to parent depressive symptoms and family functioning as key mediators in the links from parent cultural stress to youth emotional well‐being and health risk behaviors. We discuss implications for research and preventive interventions. 相似文献
828.
Marcio Leitão Bandeira 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2017,77(3):265-273
This paper discusses an intriguing topic for psychoanalysis: the concept of unconscious communication. Beginning with the concept of unconscious perception, it moves on to figurability and culminates with reverie. Auxiliary concepts, such as receptive unconscious, intersubjectivtiy, countertransferrence and empathy, are discussed in order to articulate the conceptual network on which theoretical arguments are based. 相似文献
829.
Estimates of lay views about reversal multiple intelligences for self and others: Sex and cross‐cultural comparisons 下载免费PDF全文
Félix Neto Maria da Conceição Pinto Etienne Mullet Adrian Furnham 《International journal of psychology》2017,52(6):436-444
This study focuses on lay conceptions of intelligence. It examined sex and cross‐cultural similarities and differences in estimated intelligences and beliefs about intelligence in two countries, Angola and East Timor, within the reversal theory framework. A total of 209 Angolan (109 women and 100 men) and 183 Timorese (89 women and 94 men) students were participated in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire in order to estimate their parents', partners' and own overall intelligence and the 8 reversal multiple intelligences (telic, paratelic, conformist, negativistic, autic mastery, autic sympathy, alloic mastery and alloic sympathy intelligence). Respondents also rated 6 questions about intelligence. Men rated their overall, conformist and autic mastery higher than women. Angolans rated their overall, telic, paratelic, conformist, negativistic, autic mastery, autic sympathy, alloic mastery and alloic sympathy intelligence higher than Timorese. In both countries, fathers have been perceived as more intelligent than mothers, and telic intelligence emerged as a significant predictor of overall intelligence. Principal component analysis of the 8 reversal multiple intelligences yielded one factor. Angolan participants revealed more IQ test experience than Timorese participants. Most of respondents in both countries did not believe in sex differences in intelligence. These findings are discussed by means of cross‐cultural literature. 相似文献
830.
Jerzy Łoś 《Studia Logica》1958,8(1):305-312
Allatum est die 21 Novembris 1957 相似文献